Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 11 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Belgium (54%) and Denmark (43%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (31%), Norway (16%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and 22% cannot be traced.
Country
United States3.5 kt (est. 31%)Norway1.8 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 8%)Brazil0.5 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom0.5 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria0.4 kt (est. 3%)Democratic Republic of the Congo0.3 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins1.0 kt (est. 9%)Denmark: crude not from imports1.7 kt (15%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (7%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium6.1 kt (54%)Denmark4.9 kt (43%)Finland0.3 kt (3%)Sweden: jet fuel supply11 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- United States3.5 kt (est. 31%)
- Norway1.8 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 8%)
- Brazil0.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom0.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria0.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo0.3 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins1.0 kt (est. 9%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports1.7 kt (15%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (7%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 6,136 | 54.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 4,903 | 43.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 310 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark | 2,403 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 1,706 | 34.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,122 | 18.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,114 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 854 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 789 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 762 | 12.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 491 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 454 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 388 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 330 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 285 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 243 | 78.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 219 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 116 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 22 | 7.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 18 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Finland | 14 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 12 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Denmark | 5 | 0.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (1,706 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (762 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (23 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (22 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.