Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, Sweden's petrol supply was 459 kt: 84% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (7%) and Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (62%), the United States (8%) and the United Kingdom (6%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway285 kt (est. 62%)United States35 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom28 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria23 kt (est. 5%)Libya23 kt (est. 5%)Denmark3.5 kt (est. <1%)Guyana1.7 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported39 kt (9%)Norway: no crude data9.8 kt (2%)Denmark: crude not from imports8.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)387 kt (84%)Denmark32 kt (7%)Finland30 kt (7%)Norway9.8 kt (2%)Sweden: petrol supply459 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Norway
- Norway285 kt (est. 62%)
- United States35 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom28 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria23 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya23 kt (est. 5%)
- Denmark3.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported39 kt (9%)
- Norway: no crude data9.8 kt (2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports8.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 386,884 | 84.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 32,033 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 30,168 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: petrol supply | 9,771 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 260,610 | 67.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 39,276 | 10.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 25,557 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 22,534 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 22,526 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 19,945 | 66.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Denmark | 18,235 | 56.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 12,060 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 9,771 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 8,059 | 25.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark | 4,844 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 4,220 | 14.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Sweden (own refineries) | 2,227 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 2,094 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 1,739 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | Finland | 1,677 | 5.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,295 | 4.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Finland | 1,294 | 4.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 875 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2024-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-07 to 2024-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (39,276 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Norway: no crude data (9,771 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (8,059 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,094 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,759 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.