Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, Sweden's road diesel supply was 806 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (15%), Denmark (7%) and the Netherlands (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (53%), the United States (9%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 19% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway430 kt (est. 53%)United States70 kt (est. 9%)United Kingdom58 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria42 kt (est. 5%)Libya22 kt (est. 3%)Denmark11 kt (est. 1%)Guyana6.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins16 kt (est. 2%)Sweden: crude origin not reported72 kt (9%)Denmark: crude not from imports22 kt (3%)Norway: no crude data22 kt (3%)Qatar: no crude data18 kt (2%)Sweden: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.8 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)537 kt (67%)Finland123 kt (15%)Denmark60 kt (7%)Netherlands45 kt (6%)Norway22 kt (3%)Qatar18 kt (2%)Sweden: road diesel supply806 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Qatar
- Norway430 kt (est. 53%)
- United States70 kt (est. 9%)
- United Kingdom58 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria42 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya22 kt (est. 3%)
- Denmark11 kt (est. 1%)
- Guyana6.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins16 kt (est. 2%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported72 kt (9%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports22 kt (3%)
- Norway: no crude data22 kt (3%)
- Qatar: no crude data18 kt (2%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 536,992 | 66.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 123,419 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 59,871 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 45,243 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 22,313 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 18,323 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 332,918 | 62.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 81,365 | 65.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden (own refineries) | 72,101 | 13.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 40,013 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 38,721 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 28,574 | 47.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 22,338 | 37.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 22,313 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 20,930 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 18,323 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Finland | 16,973 | 13.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 16,042 | 35.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 14,021 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 13,347 | 10.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 12,347 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Netherlands | 10,382 | 22.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 8,107 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 7,222 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland | 6,623 | 5.4% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Sweden (own refineries) | 5,942 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 5,111 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 4,436 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,742 | 8.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,890 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 1,697 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 644 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2024-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-08 to 2024-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (72,101 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (22,338 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (22,313 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (18,323 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Sweden: crude not from imports (12,347 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,781 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.