Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 36 kt, all of it imported, from the United Kingdom (40%), the Netherlands (33%) and Poland (27%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (14%), the United States (12%) and Norway (10%), and 47% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia5.1 kt (est. 14%)United States4.2 kt (est. 12%)Norway3.6 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 4%)Brazil1.2 kt (est. 3%)Iraq1.1 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom: no crude data14 kt (40%)Poland: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (2%)Netherlands: crude not from imports0.7 kt (2%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)Poland: crude not from imports0.4 kt (1%)United Kingdom14 kt (40%)Netherlands12 kt (33%)Poland9.8 kt (27%)Sweden: jet fuel supply36 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- United Kingdom
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Saudi Arabia5.1 kt (est. 14%)
- United States4.2 kt (est. 12%)
- Norway3.6 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil1.2 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq1.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data14 kt (40%)
- Poland: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (2%)
- Netherlands: crude not from imports0.7 kt (2%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)
- Poland: crude not from imports0.4 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 14,244 | 39.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 12,010 | 33.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 9,777 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 14,244 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 4,919 | 50.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,257 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,854 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 1,713 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 1,197 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,073 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,055 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,031 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 971 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 895 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude origin not reported | Poland | 804 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 776 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 722 | 6.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 674 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland | 372 | 3.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 297 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 175 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (14,244 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Poland: crude origin not reported (804 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Netherlands: crude not from imports (722 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (674 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Poland: crude not from imports (372 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.