Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, Sweden's petrol supply was 472 kt: 87% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (56%), the United States (13%) and Guyana (10%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway263 kt (est. 56%)United States63 kt (est. 13%)Guyana49 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria12 kt (est. 3%)Libya8.3 kt (est. 2%)Denmark7.6 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins9.2 kt (est. 2%)Sweden: crude not from imports26 kt (5%)Denmark: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)411 kt (87%)Finland33 kt (7%)Denmark19 kt (4%)Germany9.1 kt (2%)Sweden: petrol supply472 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Germany
- Norway263 kt (est. 56%)
- United States63 kt (est. 13%)
- Guyana49 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom25 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria12 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya8.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Denmark7.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins9.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports26 kt (5%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports6.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 410,825 | 87.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 33,250 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 19,256 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden: petrol supply | 9,060 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 227,364 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 54,603 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 48,738 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 27,185 | 81.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 25,742 | 6.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 21,422 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 12,064 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Sweden (own refineries) | 7,564 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 7,411 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 6,546 | 34.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 6,325 | 32.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 5,918 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 4,384 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 2,847 | 8.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,160 | 23.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,861 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,488 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,357 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 1,106 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 1,081 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 952 | 10.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 952 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 936 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 909 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 754 | 2.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 379 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 289 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Denmark | Germany | 42 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-01 to 2025-03. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2025-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-01 to 2025-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude not from imports (25,742 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (6,325 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,718 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,395 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.