Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 603 kt: 60% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (16%), Denmark (12%) and the Netherlands (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (49%), the United States (17%) and the United Kingdom (8%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway298 kt (est. 49%)United States100 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom50 kt (est. 8%)Guyana44 kt (est. 7%)Libya16 kt (est. 3%)Netherlands9.0 kt (est. 1%)Brazil8.4 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins24 kt (est. 4%)Denmark: crude not from imports18 kt (3%)Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)Qatar: no crude data9.4 kt (2%)Sweden: crude not from imports8.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)359 kt (60%)Finland95 kt (16%)Denmark74 kt (12%)Netherlands51 kt (8%)Norway15 kt (2%)Qatar9.4 kt (2%)Sweden: road diesel supply603 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Qatar
- Norway298 kt (est. 49%)
- United States100 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom50 kt (est. 8%)
- Guyana44 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya16 kt (est. 3%)
- Netherlands9.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Brazil8.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins24 kt (est. 4%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports18 kt (3%)
- Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)
- Qatar: no crude data9.4 kt (2%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports8.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 359,164 | 59.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 94,963 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 73,875 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 50,663 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 14,884 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 9,399 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 189,868 | 52.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 79,132 | 83.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 50,851 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 43,802 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 35,115 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 26,734 | 36.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 19,992 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 18,146 | 24.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 17,557 | 34.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 14,884 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 13,825 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 11,970 | 12.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Netherlands | 10,295 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 9,399 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Netherlands | Sweden (own refineries) | 9,001 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 8,931 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 8,359 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,652 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden (own refineries) | 5,511 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 4,894 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 4,063 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 3,861 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,174 | 6.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 2,937 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 2,832 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 2,117 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (18,146 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (14,884 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (9,399 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Sweden: crude not from imports (8,359 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,220 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.