Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 674 kt: 60% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (16%), Denmark (14%) and the Netherlands (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (49%), the United States (18%) and the United Kingdom (10%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway333 kt (est. 49%)United States119 kt (est. 18%)United Kingdom70 kt (est. 10%)Guyana45 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria13 kt (est. 2%)Netherlands9.3 kt (est. 1%)Brazil8.6 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins32 kt (est. 5%)Denmark: crude not from imports18 kt (3%)Norway: no crude data13 kt (2%)Qatar: no crude data9.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)403 kt (60%)Finland106 kt (16%)Denmark92 kt (14%)Netherlands52 kt (8%)Norway13 kt (2%)Qatar9.4 kt (1%)Sweden: road diesel supply674 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Qatar
- Norway333 kt (est. 49%)
- United States119 kt (est. 18%)
- United Kingdom70 kt (est. 10%)
- Guyana45 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria13 kt (est. 2%)
- Netherlands9.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Brazil8.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins32 kt (est. 5%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports18 kt (3%)
- Norway: no crude data13 kt (2%)
- Qatar: no crude data9.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 403,119 | 59.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 105,739 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 91,603 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 51,581 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 12,563 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 9,399 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 210,415 | 52.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 85,243 | 80.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 58,463 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 52,008 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 45,471 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 40,244 | 43.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 27,870 | 30.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 18,244 | 35.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 17,685 | 19.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Finland | 16,768 | 15.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 12,563 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 11,753 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 10,201 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 10,053 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 9,809 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 9,399 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Netherlands | Sweden (own refineries) | 9,276 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 5,842 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 5,804 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden (own refineries) | 5,679 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 3,728 | 3.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,095 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 2,939 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,450 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-03 to 2025-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (17,685 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (12,563 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Qatar: no crude data (9,399 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,095 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.