Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 790 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (14%) and Finland (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (48%), the United States (19%) and the United Kingdom (9%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway377 kt (est. 48%)United States147 kt (est. 19%)United Kingdom73 kt (est. 9%)Guyana67 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria18 kt (est. 2%)Libya9.9 kt (est. 1%)Denmark5.8 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins13 kt (est. 2%)Denmark: crude not from imports39 kt (5%)Norway: no crude data30 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.8 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)540 kt (68%)Denmark107 kt (14%)Finland79 kt (10%)Netherlands33 kt (4%)Norway30 kt (4%)Sweden: road diesel supply790 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Norway377 kt (est. 48%)
- United States147 kt (est. 19%)
- United Kingdom73 kt (est. 9%)
- Guyana67 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria18 kt (est. 2%)
- Libya9.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark5.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins13 kt (est. 2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports39 kt (5%)
- Norway: no crude data30 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports7.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.8 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 540,427 | 68.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 106,688 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 79,395 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 33,096 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 30,020 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 287,863 | 53.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 85,370 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 66,889 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 66,468 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 57,507 | 72.4% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 39,048 | 36.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark | 38,882 | 36.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 30,020 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Denmark | 25,977 | 24.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 16,223 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 16,094 | 20.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 12,872 | 38.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 9,874 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 7,741 | 1.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Netherlands | 6,463 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 5,794 | 7.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,238 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,806 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 2,781 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,751 | 8.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,965 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (39,048 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (30,020 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (7,741 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,751 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.