Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 81 kt: 1% from its own refineries, with imports from the United Arab Emirates (63%) and the Netherlands (36%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (7%), the United States (7%) and Kazakhstan (5%), and 66% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway5.7 kt (est. 7%)United States5.6 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan4.1 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom2.9 kt (est. 4%)Brazil2.8 kt (est. 3%)Iraq2.4 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria1.7 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 3%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data51 kt (63%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)1.2 kt (1%)United Arab Emirates51 kt (63%)Netherlands29 kt (36%)Sweden: jet fuel supply81 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- United Arab Emirates
- Netherlands
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Norway5.7 kt (est. 7%)
- United States5.6 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan4.1 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom2.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil2.8 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq2.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria1.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 3%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data51 kt (63%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.1 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 51,048 | 62.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 29,130 | 35.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 1,174 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 51,048 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 5,490 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,071 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 4,130 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 2,814 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,810 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,673 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 2,355 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,138 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,648 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 588 | 50.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 160 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 154 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 133 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 105 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 36 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (51,048 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (2,138 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (133 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.