Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Sweden's petrol supply was 478 kt: 81% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (11%) and Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (48%), the United States (15%) and Guyana (10%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway231 kt (est. 48%)United States72 kt (est. 15%)Guyana46 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom41 kt (est. 9%)Nigeria12 kt (est. 3%)Libya6.7 kt (est. 1%)Denmark2.0 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins4.2 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude not from imports44 kt (9%)Denmark: crude not from imports18 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)386 kt (81%)Denmark51 kt (11%)Finland31 kt (7%)Netherlands10 kt (2%)Sweden: petrol supply478 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway231 kt (est. 48%)
- United States72 kt (est. 15%)
- Guyana46 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom41 kt (est. 9%)
- Nigeria12 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya6.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark2.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins4.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports44 kt (9%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports18 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 385,594 | 80.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 51,017 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 31,068 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: petrol supply | 10,279 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 193,089 | 50.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 50,435 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 45,691 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden (own refineries) | 43,525 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 34,431 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 24,136 | 77.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 18,443 | 36.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark | 14,495 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 12,105 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 11,720 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 6,704 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 5,974 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 4,950 | 15.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 4,225 | 41.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 1,983 | 6.4% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,937 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,789 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 992 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 755 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 582 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude not from imports (43,525 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (18,443 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (755 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.