Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Sweden's petrol supply was 306 kt: 75% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (11%) and Denmark (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (63%), the United States (22%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway193 kt (est. 63%)United States66 kt (est. 22%)United Kingdom21 kt (est. 7%)Netherlands7.0 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan1.9 kt (est. <1%)Guyana1.7 kt (est. <1%)Libya1.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins4.2 kt (est. 1%)Denmark: crude not from imports7.9 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)230 kt (75%)Finland33 kt (11%)Denmark29 kt (9%)Germany9.0 kt (3%)Netherlands4.4 kt (1%)Sweden: petrol supply306 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Norway193 kt (est. 63%)
- United States66 kt (est. 22%)
- United Kingdom21 kt (est. 7%)
- Netherlands7.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan1.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins4.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports7.9 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 230,030 | 75.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 33,357 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 28,834 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Sweden: petrol supply | 9,042 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: petrol supply | 4,355 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 155,305 | 67.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 52,850 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 24,936 | 74.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 14,903 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 10,357 | 35.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 9,831 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 7,900 | 27.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Netherlands | Sweden (own refineries) | 6,972 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 4,037 | 12.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,860 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland | 1,736 | 5.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland | 1,493 | 4.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Germany | 1,395 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,344 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,305 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,205 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,154 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 1,154 | 3.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Netherlands | 972 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 908 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Sweden split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 876 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 782 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 731 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 638 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 371 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 281 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 156 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 143 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (7,900 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,172 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (299 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.