Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Sweden's road diesel supply was 774 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Denmark (12%), Finland (9%) and the Netherlands (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (61%), the United States (17%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway470 kt (est. 61%)United States134 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom56 kt (est. 7%)Netherlands16 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan6.9 kt (est. <1%)Denmark4.7 kt (est. <1%)Senegal4.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins19 kt (est. 3%)Denmark: crude not from imports26 kt (3%)Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)Uzbekistan: no crude data13 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data6.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)526 kt (68%)Denmark91 kt (12%)Finland69 kt (9%)Netherlands45 kt (6%)Norway15 kt (2%)Uzbekistan13 kt (2%)Spain9.4 kt (1%)Qatar6.1 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply774 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Denmark
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Uzbekistan
- Spain
- Qatar
- Norway470 kt (est. 61%)
- United States134 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom56 kt (est. 7%)
- Netherlands16 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan6.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark4.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Senegal4.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins19 kt (est. 3%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports26 kt (3%)
- Norway: no crude data15 kt (2%)
- Uzbekistan: no crude data13 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data6.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 525,910 | 67.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 91,158 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 68,972 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 44,628 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 15,349 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Uzbekistan | Sweden: road diesel supply | 12,924 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Sweden: road diesel supply | 9,442 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Sweden: road diesel supply | 6,075 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 376,963 | 71.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 88,686 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 49,446 | 71.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 44,159 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 35,532 | 39.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 29,960 | 32.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 25,621 | 28.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Netherlands | Sweden (own refineries) | 16,102 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 15,349 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Uzbekistan: no crude data | Uzbekistan | 12,924 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 12,504 | 28.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 10,951 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 8,312 | 12.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Netherlands | 7,973 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 6,904 | 73.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 6,483 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Qatar | 6,075 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark | Finland | 4,743 | 6.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Senegal | Finland | 3,887 | 5.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 3,590 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,596 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Finland | 2,583 | 3.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Spain | 1,504 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Senegal | Netherlands | 531 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 460 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 179 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Spain | 175 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Senegal | Spain | 154 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Spain | 66 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (25,621 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (15,349 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Uzbekistan: no crude data (12,924 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (6,075 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,641 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (66 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.