Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Sweden's petrol supply was 413 kt: 87% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (69%), the United States (17%) and the United Kingdom (8%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway284 kt (est. 69%)United States69 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom35 kt (est. 8%)Netherlands11 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan2.4 kt (est. <1%)Denmark1.8 kt (est. <1%)Senegal1.7 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins4.7 kt (est. 1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)360 kt (87%)Finland27 kt (6%)Netherlands17 kt (4%)Denmark9.8 kt (2%)Sweden: petrol supply413 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Netherlands
- Denmark
- Norway284 kt (est. 69%)
- United States69 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom35 kt (est. 8%)
- Netherlands11 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan2.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark1.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Senegal1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins4.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 359,892 | 87.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 26,825 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: petrol supply | 16,807 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 9,788 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 257,965 | 71.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 60,690 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 30,219 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 19,231 | 71.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Netherlands | Sweden (own refineries) | 11,019 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 4,709 | 28.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 4,124 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,815 | 39.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 3,233 | 12.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Denmark | 3,217 | 32.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 3,003 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Denmark | 2,751 | 28.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 2,442 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 1,845 | 6.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Senegal | Finland | 1,512 | 5.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,352 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,005 | 3.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 978 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Senegal | Netherlands | 200 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,751 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (982 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.