Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 124 kt: 5% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (44%), the United Arab Emirates (33%) and Belgium (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (18%), the United States (17%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 38% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway22 kt (est. 18%)United States22 kt (est. 17%)Kazakhstan7.3 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom5.3 kt (est. 4%)Iraq5.1 kt (est. 4%)Brazil4.5 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria3.7 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 6%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data41 kt (33%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (2%)Denmark: crude not from imports2.9 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)6.0 kt (5%)Netherlands54 kt (44%)United Arab Emirates41 kt (33%)Belgium13 kt (11%)Denmark9.8 kt (8%)Sweden: jet fuel supply124 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- United Arab Emirates
- Belgium
- Denmark
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Norway22 kt (est. 18%)
- United States22 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan7.3 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom5.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq5.1 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil4.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria3.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 6%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data41 kt (33%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported3.0 kt (2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports2.9 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 54,282 | 43.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 41,065 | 33.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 13,241 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 9,758 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 6,041 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 41,065 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 14,025 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 10,637 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 5,793 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 4,958 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 4,814 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 4,199 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 3,985 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 3,952 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 3,667 | 60.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,652 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 3,235 | 33.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 3,034 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 2,925 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 2,866 | 29.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 2,837 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 2,751 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 1,555 | 25.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 1,506 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 908 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 669 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 481 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 388 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 331 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 151 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (41,065 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (3,034 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (2,866 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (5 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.