Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 49 kt, all of it imported, from the Netherlands (63%), Belgium (31%) and Kuwait (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (24%), the United States (23%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway12 kt (est. 24%)United States11 kt (est. 23%)Kazakhstan3.8 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria3.1 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom3.1 kt (est. 6%)Iraq2.6 kt (est. 5%)Brazil2.4 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins6.2 kt (est. 13%)Kuwait: no crude data3.1 kt (6%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Netherlands31 kt (63%)Belgium15 kt (31%)Kuwait3.1 kt (6%)Sweden: jet fuel supply49 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Kuwait
- Norway12 kt (est. 24%)
- United States11 kt (est. 23%)
- Kazakhstan3.8 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria3.1 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom3.1 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq2.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Brazil2.4 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins6.2 kt (est. 13%)
- Kuwait: no crude data3.1 kt (6%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 30,842 | 62.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 15,397 | 31.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 3,094 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Netherlands | 7,820 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 6,622 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 5,046 | 32.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 3,311 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 3,147 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 3,094 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 3,080 | 20.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,459 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 2,453 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,237 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 2,101 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 2,080 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,923 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 1,342 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,169 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 631 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 487 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 293 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 37 | 0.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (3,094 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (2,237 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (37 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.