Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Sweden's petrol supply was 451 kt: 86% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (51%), the United States (28%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway229 kt (est. 51%)United States128 kt (est. 28%)United Kingdom53 kt (est. 12%)Guyana13 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria12 kt (est. 3%)Denmark3.3 kt (est. <1%)Netherlands1.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins3.3 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports7.3 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)388 kt (86%)Finland33 kt (7%)Denmark22 kt (5%)Netherlands7.7 kt (2%)Sweden: petrol supply451 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway229 kt (est. 51%)
- United States128 kt (est. 28%)
- United Kingdom53 kt (est. 12%)
- Guyana13 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria12 kt (est. 3%)
- Denmark3.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Netherlands1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins3.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports7.3 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: petrol supply | 387,905 | 86.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: petrol supply | 33,288 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: petrol supply | 22,279 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: petrol supply | 7,694 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 193,427 | 49.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 119,413 | 30.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 52,004 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 27,658 | 83.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 11,620 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 11,440 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 7,316 | 32.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark | 6,293 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 5,931 | 26.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 3,194 | 9.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,377 | 30.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,735 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,700 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland | 1,385 | 4.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 1,347 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,051 | 3.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 942 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 711 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 575 | 7.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 518 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 449 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 78 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of petrol in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (7,316 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (575 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.