Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Sweden's jet fuel supply was 84 kt: 15% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Belgium (26%), the Netherlands (18%) and Finland (18%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (42%), the United States (16%) and Saudi Arabia (8%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway36 kt (est. 42%)United States14 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia6.8 kt (est. 8%)United Kingdom5.1 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan4.0 kt (est. 5%)Guyana3.3 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria3.0 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins9.3 kt (est. 11%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (2%)Denmark: crude not from imports1.3 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)13 kt (15%)Belgium22 kt (26%)Netherlands15 kt (18%)Finland15 kt (18%)Poland13 kt (15%)Denmark6.5 kt (8%)Sweden: jet fuel supply84 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Finland
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Poland
- Denmark
- Norway36 kt (est. 42%)
- United States14 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia6.8 kt (est. 8%)
- United Kingdom5.1 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan4.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Guyana3.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria3.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins9.3 kt (est. 11%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports1.3 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 22,139 | 26.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 15,140 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 14,979 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 12,883 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Poland | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 12,721 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: jet fuel supply | 6,508 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 10,829 | 72.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Belgium | 8,541 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 6,905 | 53.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 5,866 | 46.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 4,562 | 35.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 3,528 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 3,360 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 3,294 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 3,192 | 21.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,064 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 2,603 | 40.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 2,512 | 16.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,462 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 2,423 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 1,878 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,672 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 1,595 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,507 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,484 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 1,440 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,291 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 1,288 | 19.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,249 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland | 1,076 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,021 | 6.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 929 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 750 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 689 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland | 616 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 554 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Sweden split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 379 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden (own refineries) | 378 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 372 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 332 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 268 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden (own refineries) | 260 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's jet fuel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 199 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's jet fuel to Sweden split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Sweden’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (1,291 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (1,288 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (750 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.