Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 39,153 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (16%), the United States (12%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway6.09 Mt (15%)United States4.55 Mt (12%)Kazakhstan4.54 Mt (12%)Libya3.18 Mt (8%)Iraq2.83 Mt (7%)Other origins (30)16.28 Mt (42%)Origin not reported1.68 Mt (4%)Germany7.14 Mt (19%)Spain5.69 Mt (15%)Netherlands4.88 Mt (13%)France4.21 Mt (11%)Italy4.08 Mt (11%)Poland2.32 Mt (6%)Greece2.22 Mt (6%)Belgium1.89 Mt (5%)Other EU (13)6.73 Mt (15%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (30) | Spain | 3,532,266 | 62.0% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (13) | 2,568,930 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Germany | 2,304,723 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | France | 2,058,000 | 48.9% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 1,836,322 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 1,643,246 | 33.7% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Italy | 1,518,409 | 37.2% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Poland | 1,352,020 | 58.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,100,189 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,068,321 | 26.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,031,887 | 21.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 1,025,058 | 46.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 964,167 | 41.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Belgium | 952,100 | 50.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 950,747 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 949,326 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 920,057 | 18.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 896,472 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 870,250 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 865,310 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 771,619 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 722,588 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 719,269 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 666,851 | 9.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | France | 636,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 619,000 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 509,689 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 491,000 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 450,950 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 420,100 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 388,182 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 384,262 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Italy | 383,384 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 378,721 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Greece | 351,545 | 15.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Belgium | 351,500 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 330,560 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 317,822 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 285,670 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 278,731 | 5.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Libya | France | 246,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 227,056 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (13) | 214,486 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Belgium | 166,200 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 145,742 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 141,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (13) | 107,222 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 21,540 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 19,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.