Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 41,234 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (14%), Norway (13%) and Libya (10%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 8% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States5.94 Mt (14%)Norway5.36 Mt (13%)Libya4.02 Mt (10%)Kazakhstan3.94 Mt (10%)Iraq2.09 Mt (5%)Other origins (31)16.57 Mt (40%)Origin not reported3.31 Mt (8%)Germany7.25 Mt (18%)Italy5.51 Mt (13%)Spain5.23 Mt (13%)France4.20 Mt (10%)Netherlands4.03 Mt (10%)Belgium2.54 Mt (6%)Poland2.06 Mt (5%)Greece1.74 Mt (4%)Other EU (13)8.66 Mt (21%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Dec 2024)
2.54 million tonnes
6% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Other origins (31)849 kt (33%)
- United States597 kt (24%)
- Norway522 kt (21%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (31) | Other EU (13) | 3,769,964 | — | Summed by usSum of 10 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Spain | 3,327,641 | 63.6% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Italy | 2,335,610 | 42.4% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Germany | 2,075,406 | 28.6% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 1,814,197 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | France | 1,437,000 | 34.2% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,311,695 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 1,302,089 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Poland | 1,246,577 | 60.5% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 1,204,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,198,575 | 29.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Netherlands | 1,153,248 | 28.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,103,343 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 1,090,586 | 15.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Germany | 1,068,023 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 999,756 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 892,662 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (31) | Belgium | 849,100 | 33.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 830,377 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 753,679 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 714,035 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 676,192 | 38.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 649,098 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 597,400 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 547,939 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Belgium | 521,900 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 508,851 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 496,974 | 24.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 480,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 409,759 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 394,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 384,168 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (31) | Greece | 373,034 | 21.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | France | 369,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 353,459 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (13) | 336,826 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | France | 316,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 314,639 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 310,914 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 284,101 | 5.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 273,700 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 259,109 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 235,158 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 204,755 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 200,900 | 7.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Poland | 190,463 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 169,407 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 160,640 | 4.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Spain | 147,318 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Greece | 142,574 | 8.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Spain | 142,415 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 126,009 | 6.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Germany | 85,822 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 53,700 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 40,200 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.