Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 39,074 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (14%), Kazakhstan (13%) and the United States (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway5.40 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan4.93 Mt (13%)United States4.78 Mt (12%)Libya4.07 Mt (11%)Nigeria2.35 Mt (6%)Other origins (28)15.99 Mt (41%)Origin not reported1.56 Mt (4%)Germany6.95 Mt (18%)Italy4.91 Mt (13%)Spain4.79 Mt (12%)Netherlands4.09 Mt (11%)France3.71 Mt (10%)Belgium2.71 Mt (7%)Poland2.11 Mt (5%)Sweden1.53 Mt (4%)Other EU (13)8.27 Mt (20%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Total crude oil imports reported (May 2025)
2.71 million tonnes
7% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Other origins (28)785 kt (29%)
- Norway636 kt (23%)
- United States461 kt (17%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (13) | 3,742,977 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 2,992,763 | 62.5% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 2,242,661 | 32.3% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 2,063,142 | 42.0% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 1,603,578 | 39.2% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 1,399,867 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 1,288,108 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,222,377 | 24.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 1,177,024 | 16.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Poland | 1,128,159 | 53.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,062,574 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | France | 1,037,000 | 27.9% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 941,110 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 916,839 | 18.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 915,331 | 22.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 893,930 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Belgium | 784,700 | 29.0% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Sweden | 779,948 | 50.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 768,000 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 741,620 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 727,270 | 34.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 683,511 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | France | 666,000 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 635,600 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 521,432 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 513,232 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 507,000 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 504,408 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 502,427 | 7.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 492,548 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 489,156 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Belgium | 460,600 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 440,205 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 439,500 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Sweden | 394,029 | 25.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 357,000 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 339,626 | 8.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | France | 338,000 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (13) | 334,747 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Other EU (13) | 327,891 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Italy | 269,295 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 259,091 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 224,926 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 169,200 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 149,600 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 134,264 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 132,138 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Poland | 125,912 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 124,641 | 5.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 69,800 | 2.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | France | 39,000 | 1.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.