Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 40,779 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (14%) and Iraq (9%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 6% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States6.49 Mt (16%)Norway5.74 Mt (14%)Iraq3.71 Mt (9%)Kazakhstan3.54 Mt (9%)Libya2.87 Mt (7%)Nigeria2.60 Mt (6%)Saudi Arabia2.23 Mt (5%)Brazil2.17 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.84 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.41 Mt (3%)Russia1.25 Mt (3%)Algeria1.13 Mt (3%)Other origins outside the EU3.32 Mt (8%)Other EU member states93 kt (<1%)Origin not reported2.38 Mt (6%)Germany6.42 Mt (16%)Italy5.53 Mt (14%)Netherlands5.51 Mt (14%)Spain5.30 Mt (13%)France3.90 Mt (10%)Belgium2.43 Mt (6%)Greece2.05 Mt (5%)Poland1.73 Mt (4%)Sweden1.58 Mt (4%)Czechia678 kt (2%)Finland676 kt (2%)Lithuania660 kt (2%)Austria659 kt (2%)Romania647 kt (2%)Hungary623 kt (2%)Bulgaria571 kt (1%)Denmark501 kt (1%)Slovakia438 kt (1%)Portugal411 kt (1%)Ireland256 kt (<1%)Croatia209 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United States6.49 Mt (16%)
- Norway5.74 Mt (14%)
- Iraq3.71 Mt (9%)
- Kazakhstan3.54 Mt (9%)
- Libya2.87 Mt (7%)
- Nigeria2.60 Mt (6%)
- Saudi Arabia2.23 Mt (5%)
- Brazil2.17 Mt (5%)
- United Kingdom1.84 Mt (5%)
- Azerbaijan1.41 Mt (3%)
- Russia1.25 Mt (3%)
- Algeria1.13 Mt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU3.32 Mt (8%)
- Other EU member states93 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported2.38 Mt (6%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Oct 2023)
501.0 thousand tonnes
1% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Norway184 kt (37%)
- United States181 kt (36%)
- Origin not reported88 kt (18%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Netherlands | 1,322,790 | 24.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,292,750 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 1,223,990 | 23.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,118,288 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 1,097,604 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,016,381 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 978,236 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 947,442 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 946,000 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 892,491 | 56.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 869,626 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 843,030 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 830,000 | 48.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 812,968 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 800,000 | 46.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 785,184 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 719,488 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 671,850 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 655,001 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 636,119 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 635,386 | 9.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Russia | Hungary | 613,000 | 98.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 604,000 | 89.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 570,500 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Italy | 558,903 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 525,020 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 507,356 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 480,000 | 12.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 452,999 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 452,300 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 440,000 | 68.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 439,869 | 8.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 437,101 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 413,329 | 26.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 404,830 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 404,000 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 403,994 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 384,048 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Algeria | France | 384,000 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Slovakia | 380,882 | 86.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 346,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 334,769 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 330,815 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 323,200 | 13.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 318,109 | 5.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Germany | 316,123 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 315,600 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 307,461 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 306,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 301,200 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 290,300 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 287,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 284,359 | 43.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Lithuania | 281,600 | 42.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 272,795 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 269,788 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 267,818 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 263,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Czechia | 252,000 | 37.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 241,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 236,912 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 236,371 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 225,641 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 217,900 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 211,695 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 206,172 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 200,900 | 8.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 188,000 | 27.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 186,829 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 184,389 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 184,000 | 36.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 183,532 | 3.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Lithuania | 181,400 | 27.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 181,000 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Austria | 177,654 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 174,700 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 169,400 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 169,293 | 80.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 163,674 | 63.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Portugal | 139,382 | 33.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Greece | 137,231 | 6.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Greece | 136,867 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 135,800 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Portugal | 135,742 | 33.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Portugal | 135,731 | 33.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 134,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 131,789 | 2.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Romania | 127,000 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 120,823 | 5.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Czechia | 110,000 | 16.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 100,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 99,900 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 97,500 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Ireland | 92,342 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 88,000 | 17.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Italy | 87,585 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 85,584 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 84,577 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 82,408 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Greece | 80,194 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Romania | 80,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 77,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Finland | 72,000 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 63,659 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 60,048 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 57,178 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 54,626 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 54,000 | 1.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Austria | 52,001 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Czechia | 51,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 50,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 48,000 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 43,140 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 41,606 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 39,841 | 19.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 20,379 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 17,600 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 6,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 4,700 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 4,000 | 0.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.