Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 36,166 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (13%) and Kazakhstan (9%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States5.74 Mt (16%)Norway4.68 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan3.14 Mt (9%)Iraq3.02 Mt (8%)Libya2.98 Mt (8%)Other origins (30)15.21 Mt (42%)Origin not reported1.41 Mt (4%)Germany5.94 Mt (16%)Spain4.80 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.48 Mt (12%)Italy4.22 Mt (12%)France3.69 Mt (10%)Belgium2.46 Mt (7%)Poland2.12 Mt (6%)Greece1.89 Mt (5%)Other EU (12)6.56 Mt (18%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Nov 2023)
5.94 million tonnes
16% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Other origins (30)1.44 Mt (24%)
- United States1.23 Mt (21%)
- Norway1.21 Mt (20%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (30) | Spain | 3,208,371 | 66.9% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (12) | 2,302,384 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 1,999,406 | 44.6% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | France | 1,875,000 | 50.8% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Italy | 1,721,128 | 40.8% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (12) | 1,577,566 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Germany | 1,441,767 | 24.3% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Belgium | 1,279,000 | 51.9% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,255,873 | 28.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,226,031 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 1,210,539 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Poland | 1,010,000 | 47.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (12) | 997,344 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Greece | 857,352 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 820,000 | 38.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 796,074 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 745,903 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (12) | 709,109 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 528,308 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (12) | 514,810 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Italy | 507,756 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 505,281 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 502,300 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 498,000 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 491,100 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 484,861 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 483,682 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 450,096 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 407,553 | 6.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 399,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Greece | 369,962 | 19.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Germany | 369,448 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 345,190 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 328,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 318,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 317,486 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 316,200 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (12) | 315,744 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Greece | 308,089 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 295,662 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 281,726 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 275,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 219,603 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 208,713 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 200,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 195,800 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (12) | 145,440 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 134,400 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 128,786 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 90,000 | 4.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Italy | 88,227 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Greece | 61,521 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 47,400 | 1.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.