Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 41,234 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (14%), Norway (13%) and Libya (10%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 8% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States5.94 Mt (14%)Norway5.36 Mt (13%)Libya4.02 Mt (10%)Kazakhstan3.94 Mt (10%)Iraq2.09 Mt (5%)Saudi Arabia2.05 Mt (5%)Nigeria2.01 Mt (5%)Brazil1.96 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.95 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.74 Mt (4%)Algeria1.35 Mt (3%)Mexico1.24 Mt (3%)Other origins outside the EU4.06 Mt (10%)Other EU member states216 kt (<1%)Origin not reported3.31 Mt (8%)Germany7.25 Mt (18%)Italy5.51 Mt (13%)Spain5.23 Mt (13%)France4.20 Mt (10%)Netherlands4.03 Mt (10%)Belgium2.54 Mt (6%)Poland2.06 Mt (5%)Greece1.74 Mt (4%)Sweden1.61 Mt (4%)Finland961 kt (2%)Portugal930 kt (2%)Romania859 kt (2%)Lithuania721 kt (2%)Austria667 kt (2%)Bulgaria642 kt (2%)Czechia599 kt (1%)Hungary530 kt (1%)Slovakia395 kt (<1%)Denmark344 kt (<1%)Ireland247 kt (<1%)Croatia160 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United States5.94 Mt (14%)
- Norway5.36 Mt (13%)
- Libya4.02 Mt (10%)
- Kazakhstan3.94 Mt (10%)
- Iraq2.09 Mt (5%)
- Saudi Arabia2.05 Mt (5%)
- Nigeria2.01 Mt (5%)
- Brazil1.96 Mt (5%)
- United Kingdom1.95 Mt (5%)
- Azerbaijan1.74 Mt (4%)
- Algeria1.35 Mt (3%)
- Mexico1.24 Mt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU4.06 Mt (10%)
- Other EU member states216 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported3.31 Mt (8%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Dec 2024)
7.25 million tonnes
18% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Libya1.10 Mt (15%)
- Origin not reported1.09 Mt (15%)
- United States1.07 Mt (15%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | Italy | 1,311,695 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 1,204,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,198,575 | 29.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 1,103,343 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 1,090,586 | 15.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Mexico | Spain | 1,086,400 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,068,023 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 999,756 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 961,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 843,280 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 830,377 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 821,025 | 39.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 782,197 | 48.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 753,679 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 748,599 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 730,693 | 13.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 714,035 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 676,192 | 38.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 649,098 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 648,982 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 642,367 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 632,394 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 597,400 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 587,456 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 544,000 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Portugal | 543,654 | 58.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 529,097 | 7.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Belgium | 521,900 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 508,851 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 496,974 | 24.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 480,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 456,800 | 63.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 426,000 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 422,181 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Sweden | 416,851 | 25.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 412,000 | 48.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Hungary | 412,000 | 77.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Spain | 409,759 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 394,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 384,168 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 381,200 | 15.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 375,000 | 95.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | France | 369,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 365,538 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 353,459 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 353,212 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 340,662 | 51.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 316,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 314,639 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 310,914 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 306,650 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 302,340 | 5.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Czechia | 297,000 | 49.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Portugal | 295,889 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 284,101 | 5.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 279,500 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 273,700 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 273,000 | 79.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 264,100 | 36.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 259,109 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 247,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 235,158 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 234,000 | 39.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 212,580 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 204,755 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 203,331 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 200,900 | 7.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Poland | 190,463 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 188,586 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 188,400 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 175,891 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 169,407 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 163,184 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 160,640 | 4.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Libya | Austria | 159,679 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 159,509 | 64.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Germany | 155,449 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 152,416 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 147,318 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 142,713 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Greece | 142,574 | 8.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Spain | 142,415 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 136,180 | 7.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 136,147 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Romania | 136,000 | 15.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 135,000 | 15.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | France | 131,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Poland | 128,924 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 126,009 | 6.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Sweden | 115,430 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Poland | 108,042 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Austria | 106,871 | 16.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 94,141 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 94,117 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Portugal | 90,299 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Sweden | 90,147 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 90,108 | 56.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 89,377 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | France | 89,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 89,000 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Ireland | 87,855 | 35.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Romania | 87,000 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 85,822 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 72,000 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 71,000 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 70,079 | 43.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 68,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 58,459 | 1.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Belgium | 53,700 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 46,000 | 8.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 43,907 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 40,200 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 31,936 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 27,740 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Austria | 25,180 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Italy | 21,620 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 19,836 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 7,006 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.