Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, all 27 EU member states reported importing 36,550 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (16%), the United States (15%) and Saudi Arabia (10%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway5.88 Mt (15%)United States5.37 Mt (15%)Saudi Arabia3.58 Mt (10%)Libya3.30 Mt (9%)Kazakhstan3.23 Mt (9%)Brazil1.90 Mt (5%)Nigeria1.88 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.69 Mt (5%)Other origins (24)8.69 Mt (24%)Origin not reported1.03 Mt (3%)Germany6.44 Mt (18%)Netherlands4.83 Mt (13%)Spain4.58 Mt (13%)France4.14 Mt (12%)Italy3.70 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)12.86 Mt (34%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Netherlands
- Spain
- France
- Italy
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Total crude oil imports reported (Mar 2026)
6.44 million tonnes
18% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Norway1.49 Mt (23%)
- Other origins (24)1.45 Mt (23%)
- United States1.08 Mt (17%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 2,942,557 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Other EU (16) | 2,469,314 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 2,118,606 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Spain | 1,784,064 | 39.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,487,348 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Germany | 1,450,735 | 22.5% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,275,278 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Italy | 1,188,901 | 32.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,167,890 | 31.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 1,149,000 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,077,236 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,013,987 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 972,249 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | France | 960,000 | 23.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 901,550 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Netherlands | 839,263 | 17.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 813,251 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Spain | 721,227 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 695,499 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 688,581 | 15.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 676,759 | 66.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 659,057 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 635,748 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 622,542 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 611,820 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 605,068 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 568,839 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 516,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 507,248 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 485,871 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 408,710 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 406,000 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 383,127 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 369,616 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 366,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 347,805 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 309,076 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 297,055 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 270,670 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 267,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 243,162 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 241,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 230,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 221,515 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 212,646 | 4.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 145,124 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 131,554 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 70,784 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 23,805 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2026-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2026-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.