Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 38,703 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (14%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 6% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States6.21 Mt (16%)Norway5.59 Mt (14%)Kazakhstan4.60 Mt (12%)Saudi Arabia3.65 Mt (9%)Libya3.25 Mt (8%)Iraq2.54 Mt (7%)Nigeria1.67 Mt (4%)Brazil1.63 Mt (4%)Other origins (24)7.35 Mt (19%)Origin not reported2.22 Mt (6%)Germany7.15 Mt (19%)Spain5.92 Mt (15%)Italy4.11 Mt (11%)Netherlands4.05 Mt (10%)France3.51 Mt (9%)Other EU (16)13.97 Mt (36%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Italy
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 2,691,410 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Other EU (16) | 2,322,648 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 2,115,975 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Spain | 1,899,100 | 32.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,771,256 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,626,655 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,498,753 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,488,616 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 1,268,010 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,246,946 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 1,176,966 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,068,547 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,013,647 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Germany | 1,007,461 | 14.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (24) | Italy | 982,141 | 23.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 932,558 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Brazil | Spain | 885,153 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 787,000 | 22.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 728,490 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | France | 667,000 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 660,974 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 627,116 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 618,733 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 616,904 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 513,498 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (24) | Netherlands | 473,020 | 11.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 469,984 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 442,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 414,147 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Italy | 412,530 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 408,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 386,604 | 5.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 381,380 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 346,533 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 345,604 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Germany | 342,530 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 320,099 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 307,840 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 277,650 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 277,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 266,000 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 264,000 | 7.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 244,374 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Italy | 242,866 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 241,886 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 225,616 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 207,320 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 207,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 183,679 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 146,526 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 145,030 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 138,070 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 101,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 93,426 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 91,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 54,703 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Germany | 30,206 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2024-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.