Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 37,925 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (13%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 6% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States6.15 Mt (16%)Norway4.76 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan3.98 Mt (10%)Libya2.88 Mt (8%)Saudi Arabia2.59 Mt (7%)Iraq1.98 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.87 Mt (5%)Brazil1.84 Mt (5%)Nigeria1.64 Mt (4%)United Kingdom1.44 Mt (4%)Mexico1.24 Mt (3%)Russia1.23 Mt (3%)Other origins outside the EU4.03 Mt (11%)Other EU member states148 kt (<1%)Origin not reported2.15 Mt (6%)Germany6.52 Mt (17%)Spain5.47 Mt (14%)Italy4.58 Mt (12%)Netherlands3.84 Mt (10%)France3.79 Mt (10%)Belgium2.52 Mt (7%)Poland1.91 Mt (5%)Sweden1.44 Mt (4%)Greece1.36 Mt (4%)Portugal839 kt (2%)Romania764 kt (2%)Finland683 kt (2%)Czechia642 kt (2%)Austria638 kt (2%)Lithuania590 kt (2%)Denmark566 kt (1%)Hungary493 kt (1%)Slovakia489 kt (1%)Bulgaria397 kt (1%)Croatia230 kt (<1%)Ireland163 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United States6.15 Mt (16%)
- Norway4.76 Mt (13%)
- Kazakhstan3.98 Mt (10%)
- Libya2.88 Mt (8%)
- Saudi Arabia2.59 Mt (7%)
- Iraq1.98 Mt (5%)
- Azerbaijan1.87 Mt (5%)
- Brazil1.84 Mt (5%)
- Nigeria1.64 Mt (4%)
- United Kingdom1.44 Mt (4%)
- Mexico1.24 Mt (3%)
- Russia1.23 Mt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU4.03 Mt (11%)
- Other EU member states148 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported2.15 Mt (6%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Nov 2024)
1.36 million tonnes
4% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Kazakhstan431 kt (32%)
- Libya171 kt (13%)
- Norway148 kt (11%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany | 1,251,287 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,203,917 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,177,698 | 25.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,169,800 | 30.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,054,892 | 55.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 1,029,881 | 18.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 988,000 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Spain | 940,604 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 915,120 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 831,624 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 827,110 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 804,763 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 784,075 | 54.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 699,000 | 18.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 647,397 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 607,800 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 583,283 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 576,888 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Germany | 549,270 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 539,000 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 535,800 | 21.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Belgium | 520,300 | 20.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 512,811 | 11.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Belgium | 507,400 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 498,000 | 72.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Hungary | 493,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 462,828 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 430,987 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 422,270 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Slovakia | 409,736 | 83.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 407,000 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 406,000 | 53.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 402,475 | 21.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 397,056 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Italy | 395,242 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 393,656 | 61.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 393,187 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 388,353 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 380,884 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 361,801 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 359,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 356,000 | 62.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 342,614 | 40.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 339,388 | 8.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Russia | Czechia | 323,000 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 312,457 | 21.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Lithuania | 305,100 | 51.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 281,859 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Sweden | 271,177 | 18.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 270,603 | 4.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Portugal | 268,356 | 32.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 261,716 | 13.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 253,209 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 252,700 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 241,152 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 234,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 232,252 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 223,000 | 34.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 223,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 218,000 | 28.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 209,000 | 35.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 207,849 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 203,441 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 192,550 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 189,356 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 185,000 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 182,452 | 3.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 174,600 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 173,779 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 170,569 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 168,451 | 4.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Ireland | 163,452 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Italy | 162,481 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 159,380 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 157,078 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 149,700 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Greece | 148,159 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 144,816 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 140,725 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Romania | 140,000 | 18.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Mexico | Germany | 135,489 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Portugal | 133,709 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 133,613 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 132,000 | 3.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 129,600 | 5.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Denmark | 129,000 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 127,100 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 126,805 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Greece | 125,972 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 119,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 111,040 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 109,100 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 99,995 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 96,000 | 15.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Portugal | 94,633 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 90,721 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | France | 90,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Spain | 85,161 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 82,850 | 36.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Croatia | 81,351 | 35.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Denmark | 81,000 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 78,987 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Lithuania | 76,200 | 12.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 75,704 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Croatia | 65,400 | 28.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 61,670 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 60,359 | 4.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 56,992 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Germany | 50,254 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Austria | 47,623 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 44,521 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Austria | 30,086 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Austria | 27,994 | 4.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 27,564 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 15,100 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.