Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 35,087 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (14%), Norway (13%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 5% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States4.84 Mt (14%)Norway4.63 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan4.06 Mt (12%)Libya3.21 Mt (9%)Iraq2.43 Mt (7%)Saudi Arabia2.35 Mt (7%)Nigeria1.96 Mt (6%)Brazil1.86 Mt (5%)Other origins (25)7.85 Mt (22%)Origin not reported1.90 Mt (5%)Germany6.01 Mt (17%)Spain5.07 Mt (14%)Netherlands4.79 Mt (14%)Italy4.42 Mt (13%)France3.22 Mt (9%)Other EU (15)11.58 Mt (33%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Italy
- France
- Other EU (15)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Feb 2025)
4.42 million tonnes
13% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Other origins (25)1.45 Mt (33%)
- Libya1.09 Mt (25%)
- Kazakhstan538 kt (12%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (25) | Other EU (15) | 3,087,087 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (15) | 2,016,538 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (15) | 1,592,766 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Spain | 1,516,139 | 29.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (15) | 1,469,318 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Italy | 1,453,106 | 32.9% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,433,720 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,127,325 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 1,101,633 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,088,576 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Germany | 1,043,564 | 17.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (15) | 1,005,828 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 992,325 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 983,847 | 16.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | France | 870,000 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (15) | 772,941 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 683,217 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (15) | 643,331 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 636,366 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 607,582 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 603,781 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 546,771 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 537,799 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 535,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Netherlands | 522,776 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 518,063 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (15) | 499,995 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | France | 432,000 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 428,461 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 417,594 | 8.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Spain | 416,719 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 406,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 361,321 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 361,303 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (15) | 311,450 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | France | 307,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 284,958 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 279,947 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 278,932 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 273,247 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 272,453 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 244,684 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 239,525 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | France | 231,000 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 221,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 203,939 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 203,502 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 190,465 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 182,735 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (15) | 177,865 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Germany | 173,034 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 133,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 82,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Italy | 56,168 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 27,222 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.