Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 39,113 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (17%), the United States (13%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Norway6.52 Mt (17%)United States5.16 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan4.67 Mt (12%)Libya3.43 Mt (9%)Saudi Arabia3.15 Mt (8%)Brazil2.07 Mt (5%)Nigeria2.02 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.58 Mt (4%)United Kingdom1.30 Mt (3%)Iraq1.30 Mt (3%)Russia1.09 Mt (3%)Mexico1.00 Mt (3%)Other origins outside the EU4.05 Mt (10%)Other EU member states124 kt (<1%)Origin not reported1.64 Mt (4%)Germany7.00 Mt (18%)Spain5.18 Mt (13%)Italy4.61 Mt (12%)France3.94 Mt (10%)Netherlands3.34 Mt (9%)Belgium2.58 Mt (7%)Poland2.00 Mt (5%)Greece1.73 Mt (4%)Sweden1.56 Mt (4%)Lithuania874 kt (2%)Finland849 kt (2%)Romania840 kt (2%)Portugal809 kt (2%)Austria751 kt (2%)Czechia590 kt (2%)Bulgaria586 kt (1%)Slovakia479 kt (1%)Hungary464 kt (1%)Denmark385 kt (<1%)Croatia305 kt (<1%)Ireland249 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Norway6.52 Mt (17%)
- United States5.16 Mt (13%)
- Kazakhstan4.67 Mt (12%)
- Libya3.43 Mt (9%)
- Saudi Arabia3.15 Mt (8%)
- Brazil2.07 Mt (5%)
- Nigeria2.02 Mt (5%)
- Azerbaijan1.58 Mt (4%)
- United Kingdom1.30 Mt (3%)
- Iraq1.30 Mt (3%)
- Russia1.09 Mt (3%)
- Mexico1.00 Mt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU4.05 Mt (10%)
- Other EU member states124 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported1.64 Mt (4%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Jan 2025)
873.9 thousand tonnes
2% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Saudi Arabia682 kt (78%)
- Norway192 kt (22%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 1,645,266 | 31.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,534,711 | 21.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,243,454 | 62.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,176,192 | 16.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,163,869 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 974,457 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 970,000 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 899,655 | 57.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 865,685 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 828,323 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 794,000 | 93.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 780,191 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 770,187 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 754,333 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 747,346 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Spain | 746,040 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 708,000 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 681,600 | 78.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 665,000 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 660,046 | 38.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 623,456 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 605,000 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 598,177 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 585,820 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 572,000 | 68.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 515,400 | 20.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Greece | 511,471 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 505,635 | 7.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Belgium | 491,100 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 462,226 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 456,211 | 60.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 452,196 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 449,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Hungary | 434,000 | 93.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Slovakia | 419,765 | 87.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 410,059 | 5.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Portugal | 406,120 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 398,579 | 25.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Italy | 379,244 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 364,438 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 345,000 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 318,475 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 317,200 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 314,569 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 295,133 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 291,000 | 75.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 288,453 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 280,944 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 280,187 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 280,000 | 47.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 274,391 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 271,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 270,505 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 264,782 | 32.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | France | 258,000 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Poland | 254,893 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 252,253 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 250,147 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 248,658 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 239,959 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Czechia | 236,000 | 40.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Italy | 198,317 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Lithuania | 192,300 | 22.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 190,000 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 187,862 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 187,136 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 185,200 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 177,669 | 3.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 168,908 | 5.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Greece | 146,090 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 140,000 | 3.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 139,911 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Austria | 138,696 | 18.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Portugal | 138,225 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 134,600 | 44.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 132,274 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Italy | 129,848 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 127,122 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Germany | 126,837 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 122,355 | 6.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 121,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 96,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 94,000 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 91,000 | 10.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 89,400 | 29.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 84,848 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 84,597 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 84,500 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 82,973 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 82,697 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Croatia | 81,200 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Romania | 81,000 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 74,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 71,319 | 2.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 68,500 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 66,903 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 65,545 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 64,900 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 63,400 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Austria | 61,146 | 8.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 59,342 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 56,912 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 55,649 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Finland | 55,000 | 6.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 54,478 | 1.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 49,591 | 3.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 37,585 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 27,106 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 27,043 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 18,000 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 12,000 | 2.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 7,659 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-01, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-01 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.