Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 36,166 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (13%) and Kazakhstan (9%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States5.74 Mt (16%)Norway4.68 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan3.14 Mt (9%)Iraq3.02 Mt (8%)Libya2.98 Mt (8%)Nigeria2.83 Mt (8%)Saudi Arabia2.07 Mt (6%)Brazil1.52 Mt (4%)Azerbaijan1.46 Mt (4%)United Kingdom1.37 Mt (4%)Algeria1.05 Mt (3%)Russia912 kt (3%)Other origins outside the EU3.86 Mt (11%)Other EU member states137 kt (<1%)Origin not reported1.41 Mt (4%)Germany5.94 Mt (16%)Spain4.80 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.48 Mt (12%)Italy4.22 Mt (12%)France3.69 Mt (10%)Belgium2.46 Mt (7%)Poland2.12 Mt (6%)Greece1.89 Mt (5%)Sweden1.15 Mt (3%)Finland805 kt (2%)Lithuania789 kt (2%)Austria591 kt (2%)Portugal535 kt (1%)Czechia531 kt (1%)Bulgaria475 kt (1%)Denmark431 kt (1%)Slovakia420 kt (1%)Romania344 kt (<1%)Hungary333 kt (<1%)Ireland157 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United States5.74 Mt (16%)
- Norway4.68 Mt (13%)
- Kazakhstan3.14 Mt (9%)
- Iraq3.02 Mt (8%)
- Libya2.98 Mt (8%)
- Nigeria2.83 Mt (8%)
- Saudi Arabia2.07 Mt (6%)
- Brazil1.52 Mt (4%)
- Azerbaijan1.46 Mt (4%)
- United Kingdom1.37 Mt (4%)
- Algeria1.05 Mt (3%)
- Russia912 kt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU3.86 Mt (11%)
- Other EU member states137 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported1.41 Mt (4%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 1,410,040 | 29.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,255,873 | 28.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,226,031 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 1,210,539 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,010,000 | 47.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 857,352 | 45.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 821,563 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 820,000 | 38.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 796,074 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 745,903 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 710,000 | 88.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 586,040 | 13.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Spain | 584,084 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 581,400 | 23.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Sweden | 563,466 | 48.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 551,362 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 528,308 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 515,000 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 507,756 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 507,434 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 506,000 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 505,281 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 503,648 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 502,300 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 498,000 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 491,100 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 484,861 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 483,682 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 479,000 | 13.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 474,778 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 450,096 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 431,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Slovakia | 419,915 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 407,553 | 6.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 399,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 369,448 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 345,190 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 344,191 | 7.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 330,004 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 328,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 323,442 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 320,788 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 318,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 317,486 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 316,200 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 312,481 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Greece | 308,089 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 307,722 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 304,109 | 51.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Lithuania | 304,100 | 38.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 299,389 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 295,662 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 281,726 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 275,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Hungary | 259,000 | 77.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 236,700 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 235,000 | 68.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Czechia | 233,000 | 43.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 219,603 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 215,100 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 209,243 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 208,713 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 206,100 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 200,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 198,646 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 195,800 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Lithuania | 184,700 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Spain | 179,732 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Sweden | 173,253 | 15.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 173,000 | 32.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 161,435 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 156,532 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 147,412 | 7.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 146,037 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Austria | 145,440 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 143,800 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Portugal | 138,195 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Greece | 137,062 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 136,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 134,400 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Portugal | 133,780 | 25.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 133,572 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Portugal | 132,799 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 130,112 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Portugal | 129,858 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 128,786 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 125,000 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 123,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 95,400 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Finland | 95,000 | 11.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 93,800 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 91,197 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | France | 90,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 90,000 | 4.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 89,992 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 88,227 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 85,488 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Romania | 80,000 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Austria | 62,491 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Greece | 61,521 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 57,924 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Sweden | 50,107 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 47,400 | 1.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 45,000 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 42,119 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Austria | 40,032 | 6.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Austria | 38,351 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 38,169 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 34,294 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 29,000 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 29,000 | 8.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | France | 26,000 | 0.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 22,153 | 0.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 5,200 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.