Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, 26 of 27 EU member states reported importing 35,087 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (14%), Norway (13%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 5% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States4.84 Mt (14%)Norway4.63 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan4.06 Mt (12%)Libya3.21 Mt (9%)Iraq2.43 Mt (7%)Saudi Arabia2.35 Mt (7%)Nigeria1.96 Mt (6%)Brazil1.86 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.53 Mt (4%)Azerbaijan1.50 Mt (4%)Algeria1.02 Mt (3%)Mexico697 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU2.89 Mt (8%)Other EU member states218 kt (<1%)Origin not reported1.90 Mt (5%)Germany6.01 Mt (17%)Spain5.07 Mt (14%)Netherlands4.79 Mt (14%)Italy4.42 Mt (13%)France3.22 Mt (9%)Belgium2.07 Mt (6%)Greece1.47 Mt (4%)Poland1.45 Mt (4%)Sweden1.06 Mt (3%)Portugal846 kt (2%)Romania689 kt (2%)Lithuania676 kt (2%)Austria647 kt (2%)Finland607 kt (2%)Czechia523 kt (1%)Slovakia480 kt (1%)Denmark327 kt (<1%)Bulgaria313 kt (<1%)Ireland243 kt (<1%)Croatia184 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United States4.84 Mt (14%)
- Norway4.63 Mt (13%)
- Kazakhstan4.06 Mt (12%)
- Libya3.21 Mt (9%)
- Iraq2.43 Mt (7%)
- Saudi Arabia2.35 Mt (7%)
- Nigeria1.96 Mt (6%)
- Brazil1.86 Mt (5%)
- United Kingdom1.53 Mt (4%)
- Azerbaijan1.50 Mt (4%)
- Algeria1.02 Mt (3%)
- Mexico697 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU2.89 Mt (8%)
- Other EU member states218 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported1.90 Mt (5%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Feb 2025)
4.79 million tonnes
14% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- United States1.13 Mt (24%)
- Norway683 kt (14%)
- Kazakhstan604 kt (13%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany | 1,433,720 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,127,325 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 1,101,633 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,088,576 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 992,325 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 983,847 | 16.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 927,534 | 63.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 870,000 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 826,913 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 683,217 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 653,856 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 652,399 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 636,366 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 611,522 | 57.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Spain | 609,481 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 607,582 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 603,781 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 556,541 | 38.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 546,771 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 537,799 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 535,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 522,776 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 518,063 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 508,000 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Slovakia | 459,745 | 95.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 459,530 | 31.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 432,000 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 428,461 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 426,000 | 61.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 417,594 | 8.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Spain | 416,719 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 406,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 389,936 | 60.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 376,800 | 18.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Iraq | Italy | 361,321 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 361,303 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 342,316 | 23.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 340,738 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 337,687 | 7.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 313,425 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Libya | Greece | 308,485 | 21.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 307,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 305,000 | 45.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 295,500 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 286,900 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 284,958 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 279,947 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 278,932 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 273,247 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 272,453 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 244,684 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 239,525 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 231,000 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 229,466 | 21.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Czechia | 227,000 | 43.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | France | 221,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 216,400 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Portugal | 214,043 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 213,000 | 40.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 203,939 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 203,502 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Lithuania | 194,200 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 192,000 | 27.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 190,465 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 185,100 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 183,028 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 182,735 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 176,100 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 173,034 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 173,000 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Ireland | 154,143 | 63.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 152,283 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 146,900 | 7.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 140,874 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Portugal | 138,008 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Portugal | 137,965 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Sweden | 135,798 | 12.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Portugal | 135,350 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 134,400 | 73.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | France | 133,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 130,600 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 128,800 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 126,621 | 15.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Austria | 122,995 | 19.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 107,517 | 1.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 99,000 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Portugal | 94,066 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 93,400 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Ireland | 88,725 | 36.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Denmark | 88,000 | 26.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Mexico | Italy | 87,049 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 83,500 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 83,000 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 82,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Sweden | 81,251 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 79,745 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 71,000 | 10.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Algeria | Germany | 67,168 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 65,000 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 62,740 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Belgium | 61,300 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Italy | 56,168 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 54,823 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 49,200 | 26.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 39,900 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Austria | 39,368 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Austria | 38,670 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 35,233 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 27,222 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 21,100 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 19,987 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 1,179 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Denmark | 1,000 | 0.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-02 (requested; 26 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.