Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 41,779 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (15%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States6.85 Mt (16%)Norway6.09 Mt (15%)Kazakhstan3.54 Mt (8%)Libya3.35 Mt (8%)Iraq2.92 Mt (7%)Saudi Arabia2.73 Mt (7%)United Kingdom1.88 Mt (5%)Nigeria1.86 Mt (4%)Other origins (32)10.75 Mt (26%)Origin not reported1.80 Mt (4%)Germany6.83 Mt (16%)Spain5.48 Mt (13%)Italy5.24 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.37 Mt (10%)France4.27 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)15.60 Mt (37%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Italy
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Aug 2023)
1.86 million tonnes
4% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top destination countries
- Spain499 kt (27%)
- Other EU (16)351 kt (19%)
- France339 kt (18%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (32) | Other EU (16) | 3,727,609 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,643,825 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Spain | 2,943,703 | 53.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,822,413 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,355,171 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 1,288,812 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (32) | Italy | 1,273,107 | 24.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 1,176,599 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,174,878 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,167,464 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,140,166 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,092,405 | 20.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 1,011,437 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Germany | 1,006,257 | 14.7% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | Netherlands | 979,830 | 22.4% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 949,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 930,006 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 885,122 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 870,617 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 848,144 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (32) | France | 818,000 | 19.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 779,224 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 755,426 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 623,332 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 549,140 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 499,235 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 499,209 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 495,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 491,454 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 484,028 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Italy | 475,383 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 454,000 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 404,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 397,989 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 356,490 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 351,441 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | France | 339,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 334,738 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 332,261 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 325,000 | 7.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 316,225 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 297,127 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 270,330 | 5.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | France | 262,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 249,786 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 225,890 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 219,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 198,234 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 191,148 | 2.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 186,001 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 131,753 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 91,727 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 88,721 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.