Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 38,127 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (16%), the United States (14%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 8% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway6.09 Mt (15%)United States5.39 Mt (14%)Kazakhstan4.46 Mt (12%)Saudi Arabia2.64 Mt (7%)Iraq2.28 Mt (6%)Nigeria2.24 Mt (6%)Brazil1.92 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.63 Mt (4%)Other origins (27)8.60 Mt (23%)Origin not reported2.88 Mt (8%)Germany6.47 Mt (17%)Spain4.67 Mt (13%)Italy4.36 Mt (12%)Netherlands3.91 Mt (11%)France3.71 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)14.99 Mt (38%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Italy
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Total to EU member states (Sep 2024)
2.24 million tonnes
6% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top destination countries
- France543 kt (24%)
- Italy501 kt (22%)
- Spain401 kt (18%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,337,671 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Other EU (16) | 3,070,668 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Spain | 1,899,247 | 40.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,847,864 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,847,256 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Italy | 1,788,909 | 41.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 1,450,703 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,346,133 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Germany | 1,228,856 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 1,138,966 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,107,232 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 954,000 | 25.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 866,626 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 765,005 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 759,929 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 696,901 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Brazil | Spain | 684,945 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 666,849 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 660,936 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 651,273 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 621,945 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 603,886 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 584,681 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 572,920 | 8.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 560,987 | 12.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 543,000 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 501,195 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 499,000 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 450,740 | 11.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 444,026 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | France | 432,000 | 11.6% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Brazil | France | 401,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 400,614 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 369,700 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 346,908 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 345,000 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 338,188 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 322,328 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 312,411 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 309,704 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 273,577 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 273,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 264,000 | 7.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 248,123 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 232,893 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 188,910 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Netherlands | 181,587 | 4.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 168,057 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 144,509 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Spain | 142,146 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 120,963 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 79,254 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 53,016 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 26,598 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2024-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.