Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 35,780 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (17%), the United States (13%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway6.13 Mt (15%)United States4.48 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan4.33 Mt (12%)Libya3.61 Mt (10%)Saudi Arabia1.91 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.88 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.76 Mt (5%)Brazil1.54 Mt (4%)Other origins (26)9.23 Mt (27%)Origin not reported914 kt (3%)Germany6.57 Mt (19%)Spain4.80 Mt (14%)Netherlands4.49 Mt (13%)Italy4.22 Mt (12%)Belgium2.56 Mt (7%)Other EU (16)13.13 Mt (35%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Italy
- Belgium
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (26) | Other EU (16) | 3,265,938 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,224,583 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Spain | 2,048,650 | 42.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,589,848 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,426,304 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Germany | 1,323,263 | 20.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,254,817 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,160,002 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,059,101 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 1,033,532 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,020,594 | 22.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Italy | 956,864 | 22.7% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 952,830 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 929,342 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Belgium | 915,000 | 35.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 869,807 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 869,261 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 827,986 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 799,481 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 784,322 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 769,223 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Netherlands | 723,810 | 16.1% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 688,142 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 660,441 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 622,500 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Other EU (16) | 618,863 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 507,259 | 7.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Libya | Spain | 477,598 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 451,048 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 412,300 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 395,500 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 395,262 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 393,540 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 279,412 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 267,444 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 223,664 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 221,337 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Italy | 218,119 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 196,116 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 189,885 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 185,292 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 170,227 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 99,641 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 69,343 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 61,500 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 59,500 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Belgium | 59,300 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 38,400 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 8,577 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-04, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-04 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.