Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 37,559 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (15%), Kazakhstan (13%) and the United States (13%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway5.76 Mt (14%)Kazakhstan5.00 Mt (14%)United States4.87 Mt (13%)Libya3.43 Mt (9%)Saudi Arabia2.54 Mt (7%)Iraq2.24 Mt (6%)United Kingdom1.85 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.80 Mt (5%)Other origins (25)8.74 Mt (24%)Origin not reported1.33 Mt (4%)Germany6.83 Mt (19%)Italy4.74 Mt (13%)Spain4.13 Mt (11%)Netherlands3.88 Mt (11%)France3.53 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)14.45 Mt (37%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Italy
- Spain
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (25) | Other EU (16) | 3,398,482 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,369,407 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Spain | 2,242,049 | 54.3% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 2,169,180 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,588,847 | 23.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,521,757 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,350,228 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,118,009 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 992,379 | 20.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 861,075 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 857,961 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 854,066 | 22.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Italy | 841,221 | 17.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 840,632 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 811,226 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | France | 805,000 | 22.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 758,579 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 757,000 | 21.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 730,779 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (25) | Netherlands | 730,074 | 18.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (25) | Germany | 722,661 | 10.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 647,339 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 599,000 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 588,000 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Other EU (16) | 585,013 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 576,702 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 557,300 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 490,968 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 445,962 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 421,974 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 421,098 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 398,898 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 397,925 | 10.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 354,079 | 5.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Spain | 352,408 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 343,574 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 342,421 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 327,706 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 323,387 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 258,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 258,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 240,545 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 222,702 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 222,300 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 221,094 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 174,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 152,926 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 94,212 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 87,477 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 87,000 | 2.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 46,237 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-06, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-06 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.