Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 40,863 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (15%), Kazakhstan (13%) and the United States (13%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway6.05 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan5.35 Mt (13%)United States5.18 Mt (13%)Libya3.70 Mt (9%)Saudi Arabia2.92 Mt (7%)Nigeria2.89 Mt (7%)Brazil2.31 Mt (6%)Iraq1.98 Mt (5%)Other origins (28)9.22 Mt (23%)Origin not reported1.25 Mt (3%)Germany6.24 Mt (16%)Italy5.39 Mt (13%)Spain5.14 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.72 Mt (12%)France3.82 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)15.55 Mt (37%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Italy
- Spain
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Total to EU member states (Aug 2025)
2.89 million tonnes
7% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top destination countries
- France636 kt (22%)
- Germany595 kt (21%)
- Other EU (16)590 kt (20%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,730,213 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (16) | 3,483,600 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 2,387,068 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,855,063 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 1,751,855 | 34.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 1,491,746 | 27.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,457,217 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 1,164,658 | 18.7% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,053,761 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,006,493 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 978,319 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 947,045 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 925,153 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 886,447 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 859,567 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 853,354 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 804,000 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 765,091 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 724,611 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 705,697 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 688,806 | 14.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 662,600 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Italy | 647,083 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | France | 641,000 | 16.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | France | 636,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 618,000 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 602,592 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 594,533 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 589,721 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 574,097 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 573,589 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 542,683 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 531,518 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 522,321 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 425,000 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 391,754 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 383,928 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 373,925 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 366,018 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 323,851 | 5.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Spain | 310,363 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 300,000 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 293,145 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 264,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 261,540 | 5.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 216,071 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Italy | 215,419 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 152,623 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 144,479 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 136,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 28,671 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 20,982 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.