Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 37,865 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (14%), Kazakhstan (13%) and the United States (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Total to EU member states (Mar 2025)
5.40 million tonnes
13% of reported EU crude oil imports
4.72 Mt reported681 kt estimated
OfficialEstimated
Top destination countries
- Other EU (13)1.11 Mt (est. 23%)
- Germany1.08 Mt (23%)
- Sweden982 kt (21%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Estimated from Eurostat Comext DS-045409 euro values (customs basis, partner = country of consignment); Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (13) | 4,352,959 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 12 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 3,477,742 | 65.5% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 1,672,599 | 27.5% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 1,664,885 | 39.4% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 1,504,399 | 33.9% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 1,145,864 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,116,670 | 26.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 1,105,046 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,084,446 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,072,307 | 17.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | France | 1,030,000 | 27.5% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Poland | 1,016,415 | 46.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Sweden | 981,684 | 61.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 806,090 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 800,332 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 775,000 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 771,835 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 760,000 | 20.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Belgium | 726,000 | 27.3% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 711,619 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 654,432 | 30.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 640,177 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 589,208 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 586,600 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 582,913 | 9.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 580,049 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (13) | 514,299 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | France | 513,000 | 13.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 489,774 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 489,000 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 478,700 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 418,500 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 395,172 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 394,006 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 381,493 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 378,445 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Sweden | 369,209 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 366,179 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 366,083 | 16.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 358,126 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 290,100 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 279,770 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Sweden | 248,500 | 15.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 220,628 | 5.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | France | 182,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 158,600 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 132,742 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Poland | 128,238 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 103,400 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-03, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-03 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.