Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 38,796 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (17%), Norway (14%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 5% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States6.52 Mt (17%)Norway5.55 Mt (14%)Kazakhstan4.77 Mt (12%)Saudi Arabia3.43 Mt (9%)Nigeria2.85 Mt (7%)Libya2.06 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.70 Mt (4%)United Kingdom1.62 Mt (4%)Brazil1.44 Mt (4%)Iraq1.38 Mt (4%)Algeria1.30 Mt (3%)Russia1.09 Mt (3%)Other origins outside the EU3.14 Mt (8%)Other EU member states123 kt (<1%)Origin not reported1.84 Mt (5%)Germany6.73 Mt (17%)Spain5.09 Mt (13%)Italy4.54 Mt (12%)Netherlands4.52 Mt (12%)France3.38 Mt (9%)Poland2.54 Mt (7%)Belgium2.48 Mt (6%)Greece1.90 Mt (5%)Sweden1.74 Mt (4%)Finland801 kt (2%)Portugal697 kt (2%)Romania668 kt (2%)Czechia645 kt (2%)Lithuania589 kt (2%)Austria538 kt (1%)Hungary500 kt (1%)Bulgaria443 kt (1%)Denmark367 kt (<1%)Slovakia367 kt (<1%)Ireland239 kt (<1%)Croatia34 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- United States6.52 Mt (17%)
- Norway5.55 Mt (14%)
- Kazakhstan4.77 Mt (12%)
- Saudi Arabia3.43 Mt (9%)
- Nigeria2.85 Mt (7%)
- Libya2.06 Mt (5%)
- Azerbaijan1.70 Mt (4%)
- United Kingdom1.62 Mt (4%)
- Brazil1.44 Mt (4%)
- Iraq1.38 Mt (4%)
- Algeria1.30 Mt (3%)
- Russia1.09 Mt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU3.14 Mt (8%)
- Other EU member states123 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported1.84 Mt (5%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Feb 2024)
123.4 thousand tonnes
<1% of reported EU crude oil imports
Calculated
Top destination countries
- Spain58 kt (47%)
- Germany34 kt (28%)
- France26 kt (21%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany | 1,535,881 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 1,531,499 | 30.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,320,000 | 52.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,290,573 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,202,641 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 1,060,170 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 1,037,361 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 971,730 | 55.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 970,574 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 956,678 | 21.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 903,509 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 884,458 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 810,000 | 31.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 737,763 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 719,869 | 38.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 711,586 | 10.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | France | 651,000 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 586,795 | 8.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 573,974 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 551,900 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 530,000 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 518,000 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 515,000 | 64.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 511,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Hungary | 500,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 484,022 | 25.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 443,144 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Italy | 428,340 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 423,000 | 63.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 400,511 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 399,300 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 399,139 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 369,082 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 367,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 361,257 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 358,722 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 358,365 | 5.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 354,800 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 351,663 | 65.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 342,577 | 7.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 340,100 | 13.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 319,318 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 318,537 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Slovakia | 315,000 | 85.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 313,500 | 53.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 307,986 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 291,774 | 15.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 290,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 278,903 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Lithuania | 275,500 | 46.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Czechia | 275,000 | 42.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 270,076 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 269,000 | 41.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Portugal | 266,456 | 38.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 255,960 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 255,945 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 254,900 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 254,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 247,712 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 243,435 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Ireland | 239,077 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 221,229 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 221,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 212,935 | 4.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Iraq | France | 208,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 201,076 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 200,719 | 4.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 194,000 | 24.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 191,919 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Portugal | 188,068 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 178,460 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 178,000 | 7.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 174,821 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 173,000 | 5.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 167,400 | 6.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 167,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 159,672 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 146,958 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Romania | 141,000 | 21.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Italy | 138,587 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Sweden | 136,754 | 7.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Azerbaijan | Portugal | 131,988 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 131,400 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 129,597 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Poland | 120,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Portugal | 110,155 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 107,217 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 104,000 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 101,000 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Finland | 92,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | France | 84,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 83,321 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 80,473 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 64,404 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 58,334 | 1.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 57,586 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 51,997 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Austria | 49,437 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 49,100 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 44,100 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Austria | 40,411 | 7.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 34,485 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 33,500 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 33,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 30,015 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | France | 26,000 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 24,973 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Austria | 13,140 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 4,200 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-02 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.