Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 38,785 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (14%), the United States (14%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 7% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
Norway5.62 Mt (14%)United States5.53 Mt (14%)Kazakhstan4.25 Mt (11%)Iraq2.87 Mt (7%)Saudi Arabia2.81 Mt (7%)Azerbaijan2.04 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.97 Mt (5%)Brazil1.70 Mt (4%)Libya1.56 Mt (4%)Nigeria1.36 Mt (4%)Russia1.22 Mt (3%)Mexico1.06 Mt (3%)Other origins outside the EU4.04 Mt (10%)Other EU member states164 kt (<1%)Origin not reported2.58 Mt (7%)Germany6.98 Mt (18%)Spain4.96 Mt (13%)Italy4.33 Mt (11%)France4.29 Mt (11%)Netherlands3.85 Mt (10%)Belgium2.56 Mt (7%)Poland2.09 Mt (5%)Greece1.55 Mt (4%)Sweden1.49 Mt (4%)Finland988 kt (3%)Romania921 kt (2%)Portugal827 kt (2%)Austria724 kt (2%)Czechia692 kt (2%)Lithuania592 kt (2%)Bulgaria537 kt (1%)Hungary534 kt (1%)Slovakia394 kt (1%)Croatia262 kt (<1%)Denmark218 kt (<1%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Norway5.62 Mt (14%)
- United States5.53 Mt (14%)
- Kazakhstan4.25 Mt (11%)
- Iraq2.87 Mt (7%)
- Saudi Arabia2.81 Mt (7%)
- Azerbaijan2.04 Mt (5%)
- United Kingdom1.97 Mt (5%)
- Brazil1.70 Mt (4%)
- Libya1.56 Mt (4%)
- Nigeria1.36 Mt (4%)
- Russia1.22 Mt (3%)
- Mexico1.06 Mt (3%)
- Other origins outside the EU4.04 Mt (10%)
- Other EU member states164 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported2.58 Mt (7%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total crude oil imports reported (Oct 2024)
4.96 million tonnes
13% of reported EU crude oil imports
Official
Top origin countries
- Other origins outside the EU1.09 Mt (22%)
- Brazil760 kt (15%)
- United States720 kt (15%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany | 1,803,429 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,423,941 | 68.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,202,254 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,097,157 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 1,090,178 | 22.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | France | 1,069,000 | 24.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,065,142 | 27.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 896,676 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 815,000 | 19.0% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Spain | 759,574 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 722,436 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 720,466 | 14.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 710,000 | 71.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Spain | 707,611 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 706,521 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 689,203 | 17.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 674,908 | 43.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 661,865 | 44.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Portugal | 592,132 | 71.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 569,000 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 541,403 | 12.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Belgium | 537,800 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 536,957 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 535,292 | 7.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 534,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Hungary | 534,000 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 503,200 | 19.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 491,000 | 53.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 483,370 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 452,365 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 446,300 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 404,236 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 399,630 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 387,000 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 384,530 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 371,900 | 14.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Russia | Czechia | 370,000 | 53.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 367,875 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 365,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 353,914 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 339,383 | 46.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 327,638 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 324,222 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Slovakia | 319,841 | 81.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 318,109 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 316,164 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 310,206 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 307,922 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 307,791 | 8.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 302,969 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 293,991 | 4.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Sweden | 274,011 | 18.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 261,953 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Germany | 261,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 260,900 | 12.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Libya | Germany | 260,498 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 257,909 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 249,438 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 230,000 | 33.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 225,843 | 5.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 222,000 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 209,400 | 35.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 207,145 | 4.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 198,100 | 33.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 192,319 | 12.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 189,800 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 181,000 | 83.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 176,475 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 166,000 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 164,297 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 163,000 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 160,600 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 157,989 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 150,061 | 3.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 148,800 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Romania | 142,000 | 15.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 140,749 | 3.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 140,156 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 138,995 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Portugal | 135,912 | 16.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Iraq | Spain | 135,259 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 131,000 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Finland | 115,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 108,626 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Austria | 103,415 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Romania | 103,000 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Portugal | 98,815 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 97,600 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 97,496 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 96,500 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 94,700 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 94,098 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 93,935 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 92,000 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 90,947 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Lithuania | 90,200 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 90,000 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Italy | 89,308 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 86,941 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 86,584 | 1.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 82,049 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Romania | 79,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 74,135 | 18.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 64,837 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Austria | 63,585 | 8.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 55,453 | 0.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Germany | 45,481 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 40,787 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark | 37,000 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 36,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Austria | 23,319 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Sweden | 21,959 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 21,386 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 16,000 | 1.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Austria | 13,998 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 3,800 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.