Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 41,779 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (15%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Month
United States6.85 Mt (16%)Norway6.09 Mt (15%)Kazakhstan3.54 Mt (8%)Libya3.35 Mt (8%)Iraq2.92 Mt (7%)Saudi Arabia2.73 Mt (7%)United Kingdom1.88 Mt (5%)Nigeria1.86 Mt (4%)Brazil1.61 Mt (4%)Azerbaijan1.54 Mt (4%)Angola1.52 Mt (4%)Russia1.51 Mt (4%)Algeria1.22 Mt (3%)Mexico781 kt (2%)Canada678 kt (2%)Other origins outside the EU1.74 Mt (4%)Other EU member states160 kt (<1%)Origin not reported1.80 Mt (4%)Germany6.83 Mt (16%)Spain5.48 Mt (13%)Italy5.24 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.37 Mt (10%)France4.27 Mt (10%)Belgium2.63 Mt (6%)Poland2.14 Mt (5%)Greece2.10 Mt (5%)Sweden1.57 Mt (4%)Lithuania853 kt (2%)Portugal789 kt (2%)Romania779 kt (2%)Finland720 kt (2%)Czechia656 kt (2%)Slovakia650 kt (2%)Bulgaria629 kt (2%)Hungary578 kt (1%)Austria572 kt (1%)Croatia377 kt (<1%)Denmark312 kt (<1%)Ireland245 kt (<1%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- United States6.85 Mt (16%)
- Norway6.09 Mt (15%)
- Kazakhstan3.54 Mt (8%)
- Libya3.35 Mt (8%)
- Iraq2.92 Mt (7%)
- Saudi Arabia2.73 Mt (7%)
- United Kingdom1.88 Mt (5%)
- Nigeria1.86 Mt (4%)
- Brazil1.61 Mt (4%)
- Azerbaijan1.54 Mt (4%)
- Angola1.52 Mt (4%)
- Russia1.51 Mt (4%)
- Algeria1.22 Mt (3%)
- Mexico781 kt (2%)
- Canada678 kt (2%)
- Other origins outside the EU1.74 Mt (4%)
- Other EU member states160 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported1.80 Mt (4%)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Germany | 1,288,812 | 18.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 1,173,694 | 54.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 1,167,464 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,140,166 | 26.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,092,405 | 20.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden | 966,843 | 61.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 949,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 930,006 | 21.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 903,377 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 885,122 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 870,617 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Greece | 854,951 | 40.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 781,173 | 36.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 779,224 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 755,426 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 746,752 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Bulgaria | 628,937 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Mexico | Spain | 627,721 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 623,332 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Slovakia | 589,965 | 90.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 549,140 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Hungary | 547,000 | 94.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Angola | Spain | 546,248 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Finland | 538,000 | 74.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 522,300 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 499,235 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 499,209 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 495,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 491,595 | 11.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 491,454 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 475,383 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 463,837 | 22.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Germany | 462,060 | 6.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | France | 454,000 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Sweden | 450,663 | 28.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 434,564 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Spain | 421,725 | 7.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 404,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 397,989 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | France | 384,000 | 9.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Czechia | 374,000 | 57.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 356,490 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 339,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 334,738 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 332,500 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 332,261 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 325,000 | 7.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 316,225 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 306,500 | 35.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 297,127 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Canada | Spain | 295,181 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 291,900 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 283,400 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Spain | 280,587 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 279,000 | 35.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Angola | Belgium | 276,400 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Lithuania | 276,100 | 32.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Angola | France | 271,000 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 270,330 | 5.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | France | 262,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 259,532 | 68.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Portugal | 251,241 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 249,786 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 246,500 | 9.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins outside the EU | Belgium | 245,900 | 9.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Ireland | 244,651 | 100.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 230,707 | 40.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 225,890 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 219,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Portugal | 204,532 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 198,234 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Denmark | 194,000 | 62.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 191,148 | 2.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 189,900 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 186,001 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Austria | 183,748 | 32.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Finland | 182,000 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 179,599 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Canada | Netherlands | 176,065 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Romania | 163,000 | 20.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Italy | 160,700 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Netherlands | 157,193 | 3.6% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 154,977 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Mexico | Germany | 153,604 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 151,000 | 23.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Greece | 144,545 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Austria | 141,214 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Angola | Italy | 138,104 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Belgium | 137,900 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Romania | 136,000 | 17.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Portugal | 134,038 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 131,753 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Angola | Portugal | 129,106 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Canada | Germany | 126,552 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Greece | 120,360 | 5.7% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 119,000 | 18.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Croatia | 117,070 | 31.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | France | 117,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 116,000 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Germany | 108,359 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 106,637 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 100,200 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Belgium | 98,300 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 91,727 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 88,721 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 85,705 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Romania | 85,000 | 10.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Canada | Belgium | 80,400 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 80,100 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 80,000 | 25.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Sweden | 77,293 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 71,528 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Italy | 70,926 | 1.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Portugal | 70,543 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Slovakia | 59,941 | 9.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other origins outside the EU | France | 46,000 | 1.1% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Norway | Denmark | 38,000 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Germany | 31,360 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Hungary | 31,000 | 5.4% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Spain | 25,489 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Brazil | Germany | 17,671 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins outside the EU | Austria | 16,086 | 2.8% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| United States | Czechia | 12,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other EU member states | Poland | 6,381 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Other EU member states | Belgium | 5,100 | 0.2% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Libya | Belgium | 2,800 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-08, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-08 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.