Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 39,850 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (14%) and Iraq (8%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States6.47 Mt (16%)Norway5.49 Mt (14%)Iraq3.32 Mt (8%)Kazakhstan2.88 Mt (7%)Saudi Arabia2.86 Mt (7%)Libya2.39 Mt (6%)United Kingdom2.35 Mt (6%)Nigeria2.24 Mt (6%)Other origins (28)10.30 Mt (26%)Origin not reported1.55 Mt (4%)Italy5.96 Mt (15%)Germany5.83 Mt (15%)Spain5.09 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.36 Mt (11%)France4.16 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)14.45 Mt (36%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Italy
- Germany
- Spain
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,545,903 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (16) | 3,132,309 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 2,272,266 | 44.7% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 2,031,825 | 34.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,407,452 | 32.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 1,336,305 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,287,257 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,262,653 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,219,815 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 1,163,306 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 1,156,793 | 19.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | France | 1,119,000 | 26.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Italy | 1,074,038 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,039,100 | 17.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 891,210 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 865,861 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 849,777 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 829,120 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 805,946 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 798,000 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 741,255 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 738,069 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 670,173 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 618,939 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 591,160 | 13.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 516,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 515,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 507,648 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 505,456 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 452,210 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 448,494 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 441,700 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 427,105 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 412,000 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 395,808 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 369,063 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 361,911 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 339,244 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 336,447 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 335,175 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 274,979 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | France | 256,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 252,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 188,827 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 162,668 | 3.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Libya | France | 160,000 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 139,930 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 134,679 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 132,000 | 3.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 91,811 | 1.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 89,037 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 69,823 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 55,666 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 31,862 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-09, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-09 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.