Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 40,779 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (14%) and Iraq (9%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 6% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States6.49 Mt (16%)Norway5.74 Mt (14%)Iraq3.71 Mt (9%)Kazakhstan3.54 Mt (9%)Libya2.87 Mt (7%)Nigeria2.60 Mt (6%)Saudi Arabia2.23 Mt (5%)Brazil2.17 Mt (5%)Other origins (28)9.04 Mt (22%)Origin not reported2.38 Mt (6%)Germany6.42 Mt (16%)Italy5.53 Mt (14%)Netherlands5.51 Mt (14%)Spain5.30 Mt (13%)France3.90 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)14.12 Mt (35%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Italy
- Netherlands
- Spain
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,312,633 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (16) | 3,299,019 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 1,493,821 | 28.2% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 1,469,719 | 26.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 1,418,505 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,388,036 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,322,790 | 24.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,292,750 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 1,228,931 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,161,148 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 1,159,383 | 18.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,118,288 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,070,061 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,016,381 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 978,236 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 946,000 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | France | 914,000 | 23.5% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 869,626 | 16.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 843,030 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 812,968 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 785,184 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 719,488 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 708,552 | 12.9% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Italy | 671,850 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 655,001 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 636,119 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 558,903 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 507,356 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 469,349 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 452,999 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 437,101 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 426,031 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 404,830 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 404,000 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 403,994 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 384,048 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 347,182 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | France | 346,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 334,769 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 330,815 | 6.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 318,109 | 5.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Germany | 316,123 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 307,461 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 306,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 287,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 269,788 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 267,818 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 263,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 241,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 236,912 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 186,829 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 174,700 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 134,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 131,789 | 2.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Italy | 87,585 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 54,626 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 54,000 | 1.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 43,140 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.