Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 36,166 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (13%) and Kazakhstan (9%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States5.74 Mt (16%)Norway4.68 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan3.14 Mt (9%)Iraq3.02 Mt (8%)Libya2.98 Mt (8%)Nigeria2.83 Mt (8%)Saudi Arabia2.07 Mt (6%)Brazil1.52 Mt (4%)Other origins (27)8.79 Mt (24%)Origin not reported1.41 Mt (4%)Germany5.94 Mt (16%)Spain4.80 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.48 Mt (12%)Italy4.22 Mt (12%)France3.69 Mt (10%)Other EU (15)13.04 Mt (36%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Italy
- France
- Other EU (15)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (15) | 2,713,766 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Other EU (15) | 2,474,422 | — | Summed by usSum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Spain | 1,809,131 | 37.7% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (15) | 1,749,965 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (15) | 1,396,988 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Italy | 1,266,768 | 30.0% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,255,873 | 28.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,226,031 | 20.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | France | 1,224,000 | 33.1% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,210,539 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (15) | 1,200,571 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Germany | 1,166,708 | 19.7% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Other EU (15) | 1,137,192 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Netherlands | 847,839 | 18.9% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 821,563 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 796,074 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 745,903 | 17.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (15) | 653,579 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (15) | 652,210 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Other EU (15) | 623,833 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Brazil | Spain | 584,084 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 528,308 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 515,000 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 507,756 | 12.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 507,434 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 505,281 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 502,300 | 11.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 498,000 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 484,861 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 483,682 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 450,096 | 10.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (15) | 436,357 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 407,553 | 6.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 399,000 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 369,448 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 345,190 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 330,004 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 328,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 320,788 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 318,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 317,486 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 307,722 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 281,726 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 275,000 | 7.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 219,603 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 208,713 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 198,646 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | France | 136,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 133,572 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 128,786 | 3.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Italy | 88,227 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 42,119 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 34,294 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.