Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 38,796 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (17%), Norway (14%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 5% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States6.52 Mt (17%)Norway5.55 Mt (14%)Kazakhstan4.77 Mt (12%)Saudi Arabia3.43 Mt (9%)Nigeria2.85 Mt (7%)Other origins (26)13.84 Mt (36%)Origin not reported1.84 Mt (5%)Germany6.73 Mt (17%)Spain5.09 Mt (13%)Italy4.54 Mt (12%)Netherlands4.52 Mt (12%)France3.38 Mt (9%)Poland2.54 Mt (7%)Belgium2.48 Mt (6%)Greece1.90 Mt (5%)Other EU (13)7.62 Mt (20%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (26) | Other EU (13) | 2,659,769 | — | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Italy | 2,623,389 | 57.7% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Spain | 2,519,098 | 49.5% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Germany | 1,848,908 | 27.5% | Summed by usSum of 13 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 1,762,230 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,535,881 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,320,000 | 52.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | France | 1,296,000 | 38.4% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 1,290,573 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,202,641 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Greece | 1,190,103 | 62.8% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (26) | Netherlands | 1,091,270 | 24.1% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 1,064,807 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 1,060,170 | 20.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 1,037,361 | 20.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 970,574 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 884,458 | 19.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 875,663 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Poland | 810,000 | 31.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 761,309 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 737,763 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 711,586 | 10.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | France | 651,000 | 19.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (26) | Belgium | 615,500 | 24.9% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 573,974 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 551,900 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 530,000 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 511,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 484,022 | 25.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 428,340 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 399,300 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 399,139 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (13) | 371,086 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 354,800 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 319,318 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 307,986 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 290,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 278,903 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 270,076 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 255,960 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 254,900 | 10.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 221,229 | 11.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 221,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 200,719 | 4.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 191,919 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 167,400 | 6.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 167,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 131,400 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (13) | 129,597 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Poland | 120,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 80,473 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 64,404 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-02, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-02 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.