Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 38,703 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (16%), Norway (14%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 6% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States6.21 Mt (16%)Norway5.59 Mt (14%)Kazakhstan4.60 Mt (12%)Saudi Arabia3.65 Mt (9%)Libya3.25 Mt (8%)Other origins (27)13.18 Mt (34%)Origin not reported2.22 Mt (6%)Germany7.15 Mt (19%)Spain5.92 Mt (15%)Italy4.11 Mt (11%)Netherlands4.05 Mt (10%)France3.51 Mt (9%)Belgium2.50 Mt (6%)Greece2.34 Mt (6%)Poland2.14 Mt (6%)Other EU (13)6.98 Mt (18%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (27) | Spain | 3,636,985 | 61.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Other EU (13) | 2,258,715 | — | Summed by usSum of 10 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,626,655 | 22.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Italy | 1,539,701 | 37.5% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Germany | 1,526,723 | 21.4% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 1,498,753 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 1,403,938 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | France | 1,301,000 | 37.1% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,246,946 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 1,176,966 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Netherlands | 1,164,943 | 28.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,068,547 | 14.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,043,721 | 48.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,013,647 | 25.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Greece | 950,795 | 40.7% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 917,879 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 886,310 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 787,000 | 22.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 731,687 | 34.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 728,490 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 702,575 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 668,681 | 28.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 660,974 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (13) | 628,660 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Belgium | 617,200 | 24.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 616,904 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 513,498 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 469,984 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 442,000 | 12.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 433,450 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 408,900 | 16.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 408,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 400,000 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 390,100 | 15.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 386,604 | 5.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Belgium | 381,700 | 15.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 381,380 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 320,099 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 307,840 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 307,000 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 277,650 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 264,000 | 7.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 244,374 | 6.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Italy | 242,866 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 241,886 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 207,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Poland | 188,247 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (13) | 185,283 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 183,679 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 180,637 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Greece | 146,885 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 136,594 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 101,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 93,426 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 54,703 | 0.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2024-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.