Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, all 27 EU member states reported importing 41,234 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (14%), Norway (13%) and Libya (10%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 8% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States5.94 Mt (14%)Norway5.36 Mt (13%)Libya4.02 Mt (10%)Kazakhstan3.94 Mt (10%)Iraq2.09 Mt (5%)Saudi Arabia2.05 Mt (5%)Nigeria2.01 Mt (5%)Brazil1.96 Mt (5%)Other origins (28)10.55 Mt (26%)Origin not reported3.31 Mt (8%)Germany7.25 Mt (18%)Italy5.51 Mt (13%)Spain5.23 Mt (13%)France4.20 Mt (10%)Netherlands4.03 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)15.00 Mt (36%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Italy
- Spain
- France
- Netherlands
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (16) | 3,768,240 | — | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 2,833,071 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 1,823,672 | 25.1% | Summed by usSum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 1,771,572 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 1,599,615 | 30.6% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 1,547,891 | 28.1% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,477,276 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,448,278 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,335,802 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,311,695 | 23.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 1,204,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,198,575 | 29.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 1,103,343 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 1,090,586 | 15.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Germany | 1,068,023 | 14.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | France | 1,011,000 | 24.1% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 999,756 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Spain | 843,280 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 830,377 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 823,154 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 800,036 | 19.8% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 753,679 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Spain | 748,599 | 14.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 716,392 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 714,035 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 649,098 | 16.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 625,684 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Italy | 508,851 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 480,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 426,000 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 422,181 | 7.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 409,759 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 394,000 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 384,168 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 369,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 365,538 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 353,459 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 353,212 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 316,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 314,639 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 284,101 | 5.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Italy | 259,109 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 204,755 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 199,003 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 175,891 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 169,407 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 160,640 | 4.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | Spain | 147,318 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 142,415 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 136,147 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 85,822 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 43,907 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 31,936 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2024-12, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2024-12 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.