Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 39,113 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (17%), the United States (13%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway6.52 Mt (17%)United States5.16 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan4.67 Mt (12%)Libya3.43 Mt (9%)Saudi Arabia3.15 Mt (8%)Other origins (27)14.54 Mt (37%)Origin not reported1.64 Mt (4%)Germany7.00 Mt (18%)Spain5.18 Mt (13%)Italy4.61 Mt (12%)France3.94 Mt (10%)Netherlands3.34 Mt (9%)Belgium2.58 Mt (7%)Poland2.00 Mt (5%)Greece1.73 Mt (4%)Other EU (13)8.75 Mt (22%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (27) | Spain | 3,659,485 | 70.6% | Summed by usSum of 13 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Other EU (13) | 3,304,678 | — | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 2,176,955 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Germany | 1,946,067 | 27.8% | Summed by usSum of 12 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Italy | 1,731,653 | 37.6% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,534,711 | 21.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | France | 1,411,000 | 35.8% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 1,243,454 | 62.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,176,192 | 16.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,163,869 | 25.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 1,120,211 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Netherlands | 989,294 | 29.6% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 974,457 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 970,000 | 24.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Belgium | 969,500 | 37.6% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 865,685 | 25.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (13) | 797,854 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 780,191 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 770,187 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 747,346 | 14.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 708,000 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 701,966 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Belgium | 665,000 | 25.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 660,046 | 38.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 598,177 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 511,471 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 505,635 | 7.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| United States | Belgium | 491,100 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 462,226 | 13.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 452,196 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 449,000 | 11.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 379,244 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 364,438 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 342,658 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 317,200 | 12.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (13) | 300,896 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Italy | 280,944 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Greece | 274,391 | 15.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 270,505 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 258,000 | 6.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Poland | 254,893 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland | 187,862 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 187,136 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 168,908 | 5.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Greece | 146,090 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 140,000 | 3.6% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 139,911 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Poland | 122,355 | 6.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 84,848 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 82,973 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 82,697 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 68,500 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Belgium | 64,900 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 55,649 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceOfficialMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-01, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2025-01 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.