Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 42,312 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (14%), Kazakhstan (12%) and the United States (12%), and less than 1% came from other EU member states, with 4% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway6.00 Mt (13%)Kazakhstan5.16 Mt (12%)United States5.08 Mt (12%)Libya4.01 Mt (10%)Saudi Arabia2.97 Mt (7%)Nigeria2.64 Mt (6%)Iraq2.43 Mt (6%)United Kingdom2.23 Mt (5%)Other origins (27)10.22 Mt (25%)Origin not reported1.57 Mt (4%)Germany6.99 Mt (17%)Spain5.83 Mt (14%)Italy5.01 Mt (12%)Netherlands4.84 Mt (12%)France4.44 Mt (11%)Other EU (16)15.20 Mt (34%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Italy
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 3,853,674 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Other EU (16) | 3,606,942 | — | Summed by usSum of 10 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Spain | 2,469,154 | 42.3% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,974,155 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,636,885 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Italy | 1,565,904 | 31.2% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,403,047 | 20.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,276,916 | 25.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,203,299 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 1,065,096 | 18.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 1,038,000 | 23.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | France | 1,028,000 | 23.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 978,756 | 16.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 975,657 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 924,213 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 863,774 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 839,924 | 17.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 838,824 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 800,853 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other origins (27) | Netherlands | 788,116 | 16.3% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (27) | Germany | 763,956 | 10.9% | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 758,495 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 732,208 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 696,194 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 683,505 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 594,000 | 13.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 564,558 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Spain | 551,337 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 548,305 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Italy | 496,017 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 492,763 | 7.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 468,069 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 453,000 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 448,466 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France | 448,000 | 10.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 394,558 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 389,213 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 383,341 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 381,724 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 327,330 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 327,248 | 6.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 318,733 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 266,049 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | France | 251,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 240,603 | 4.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 234,000 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 233,000 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 158,799 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 140,587 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 90,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Spain | 89,762 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 82,728 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 67,711 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 67,000 | 1.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Italy | 38,413 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-07, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-07 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.