Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, all 27 EU member states reported importing 36,803 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (16%), the United States (14%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 3% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway5.84 Mt (15%)United States5.31 Mt (15%)Kazakhstan5.11 Mt (14%)Libya2.80 Mt (8%)Iraq2.73 Mt (8%)Other origins (29)13.81 Mt (38%)Origin not reported1.20 Mt (3%)Germany6.81 Mt (19%)Spain5.01 Mt (14%)France4.38 Mt (12%)Netherlands4.03 Mt (11%)Italy3.47 Mt (10%)Greece2.26 Mt (6%)Belgium2.18 Mt (6%)Poland1.95 Mt (5%)Other EU (13)6.71 Mt (17%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (29) | Spain | 3,435,415 | 68.6% | Summed by usSum of 10 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Other EU (13) | 2,875,119 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Other EU (13) | 1,818,946 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | France | 1,624,000 | 37.1% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (29) | Germany | 1,310,594 | 19.2% | Summed by usSum of 14 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,256,633 | 18.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Italy | 1,238,231 | 35.7% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,193,572 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Poland | 1,152,009 | 59.2% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,088,177 | 27.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,068,573 | 15.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Netherlands | 1,022,905 | 25.4% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 1,020,866 | 15.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (13) | 911,357 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Greece | 873,133 | 38.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | France | 852,000 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (29) | Belgium | 815,300 | 37.4% | Summed by usSum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (13) | 809,091 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 801,561 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Poland | 794,240 | 40.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 771,562 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Germany | 669,152 | 9.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 658,421 | 29.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 656,616 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Belgium | 591,200 | 27.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | France | 544,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 538,560 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 507,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 487,049 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 484,000 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 481,455 | 13.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium | 405,100 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 344,158 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 337,300 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 335,782 | 8.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Other origins (29) | Greece | 333,440 | 14.8% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 327,755 | 8.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 297,455 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 293,695 | 4.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 269,975 | 7.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | France | 251,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Greece | 239,586 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 174,538 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Greece | 154,156 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (13) | 141,647 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Italy | 137,497 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | France | 121,000 | 2.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Norway | Spain | 97,084 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (13) | 86,213 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (13) | 71,175 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 33,800 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2025-11, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2025-11 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.