Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, all 27 EU member states reported importing 39,434 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were Norway (19%), the United States (16%) and Libya (10%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
Norway7.50 Mt (17%)United States6.13 Mt (16%)Libya3.78 Mt (10%)Kazakhstan2.81 Mt (7%)Iraq2.47 Mt (6%)Nigeria2.32 Mt (6%)Saudi Arabia2.22 Mt (6%)United Kingdom1.73 Mt (4%)Other origins (28)9.50 Mt (24%)Origin not reported956 kt (2%)Germany6.80 Mt (18%)Spain5.06 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.54 Mt (12%)Italy4.48 Mt (12%)France3.78 Mt (10%)Other EU (16)14.78 Mt (36%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Netherlands
- Italy
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 4,505,444 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 9 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Other EU (16) | 2,757,125 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Spain | 2,324,526 | 45.9% | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 1,686,426 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (28) | Germany | 1,543,131 | 22.7% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,518,667 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 1,410,000 | 37.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany | 1,361,031 | 20.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Italy | 1,341,451 | 30.0% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,319,060 | 29.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,207,756 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Other EU (16) | 1,092,320 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Germany | 1,036,071 | 15.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,014,265 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 995,748 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 949,068 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 925,093 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | Netherlands | 915,557 | 20.2% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 807,607 | 16.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 721,291 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 695,915 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (28) | France | 618,000 | 16.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Spain | 611,575 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 602,846 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 592,627 | 100.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Nigeria | France | 537,000 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 477,912 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Italy | 464,108 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Spain | 424,926 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 385,983 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 373,128 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 372,095 | 8.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | France | 361,000 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 322,000 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 318,840 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Other EU (16) | 304,245 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | France | 299,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 297,083 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Germany | 249,875 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 228,120 | 5.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 223,755 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 222,375 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 146,941 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Italy | 135,155 | 3.0% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Iraq | France | 135,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 131,145 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | Italy | 127,391 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 106,172 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 97,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 61,339 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 41,865 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Iraq | Germany | 37,775 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2026-01, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2026-01 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.