Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, all 27 EU member states reported importing 39,725 kt of crude oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United States (19%), Norway (16%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 1% came from other EU member states, with 2% not attributed to any country.
Countries shownAll countriesTop 5 originsTop 5 destinations
United States7.66 Mt (19%)Norway6.51 Mt (15%)Kazakhstan5.63 Mt (15%)Libya3.32 Mt (9%)Brazil1.88 Mt (5%)Saudi Arabia1.85 Mt (5%)United Kingdom1.82 Mt (5%)Azerbaijan1.42 Mt (4%)Other origins (30)8.72 Mt (23%)Origin not reported908 kt (2%)Germany7.06 Mt (18%)Spain5.18 Mt (13%)Italy5.07 Mt (13%)Netherlands4.68 Mt (12%)France3.46 Mt (9%)Other EU (16)14.27 Mt (34%)
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Where the oil was produced
- Colour = importing country:
- Germany
- Spain
- Italy
- Netherlands
- France
- Other EU (16)
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Other EU (16) | 4,086,358 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 8 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Other EU (16) | 2,742,331 | — | Summed by usSum of 7 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Spain | 2,595,383 | 50.1% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Other EU (16) | 2,297,975 | — | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Sum of 11 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,787,026 | 38.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany | 1,723,183 | 24.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Other EU (16) | 1,596,032 | — | Summed by usSum of 5 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,402,309 | 19.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Italy | 1,192,666 | 23.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,093,471 | 15.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Other EU (16) | 1,032,288 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 968,542 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Germany | 950,849 | 13.5% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 918,000 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (30) | Netherlands | 827,103 | 17.7% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | France | 817,000 | 23.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (30) | Italy | 789,277 | 15.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United States | France | 767,000 | 22.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Germany | 745,032 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 742,421 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 709,970 | 14.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 657,870 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Italy | 628,889 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Other EU (16) | 606,349 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | Other EU (16) | 549,339 | — | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Brazil | Spain | 546,965 | 10.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Netherlands | 519,125 | 11.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 508,467 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Brazil | Other EU (16) | 506,454 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 475,688 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Spain | 472,294 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Spain | 458,883 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Netherlands | 400,006 | 8.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 393,576 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 367,894 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | France | 362,000 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Other EU (16) | 344,451 | — | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Libya | France | 327,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 285,744 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Italy | 271,344 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 250,253 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 240,749 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Italy | 142,435 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 135,557 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | France | 95,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 90,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Brazil | Germany | 82,191 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | France | 81,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 73,198 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Libya | Netherlands | 38,452 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Azerbaijan | Spain | 29,713 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:21 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
Eurostat (European Commission)Inferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
- Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Destinations: FI.
Left: where the crude oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2026-05, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Dashed flows are estimated from the published euro value: the reporting country withholds the tonnes, and its official figure for the month is not published. Customs basis (country of consignment), INFERRED - not a published tonnage. Method
Month: 2026-05 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.